Showing posts with label real fakes. Show all posts
Showing posts with label real fakes. Show all posts

Tuesday, July 30, 2024

So Many Ways To Fake, So Many Fakes To Make

 

No this is not an electronic music DJ, it's a scientist doing science things: Christoph Gruber of e-Conversion Cluster of Excellence Nano Energy Group at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich - Jun 2024 [link]

There's so many different kinds of fakes. Some fakes are just for fun. Some fakes are made with the purpose to trick people. Some are simply so stupid they don't know they're fake. 
We're reaching back here, to October of 2023, because this story has so many levels:

“Real Water” that poisoned dozens contained chemical from rocket fuel
Oct 2023, Ars Technica

Just here for the Reals:

A jury this week awarded $228.5 million to seven plaintiffs in their case against Nevada-based water company Real Water, which sold alkaline water tainted with hydrazine, a highly toxic chemical found in fuel for rockets and spacecraft (and which caused liver failure in people).

And there's more:

Two other defendants, Hanna Instruments and Milwaukee Instruments, which were alleged to have made faulty water testing meters that contributed to Real Water's toxicity, were also found liable for compensatory damages but not punitive damages.

But I can't help but follow this story, because this why it's so hard to talk about these things, and to explain to people why they're dangerous -- because not only do they not do what they say they do, the stuff they do to create their magical products is itself completely removed from any scientific basis in reality:

According to the DOJ's 2021 complaint and testimony in the trial over the last few weeks, Real Water processed municipal tap water "by carbon filtration, reverse osmosis filtration, ultraviolet light filtration, and ozone filtration." Then potassium chloride is added and the water goes through a proprietary "ionizer" apparatus to apply an electrical current to the water. [The ionizer is later described as "titanium tubes electrified with what looked like jumper cables used to charge a car battery."] This allegedly created positively charged and negatively charged solutions. Real Water employees would discard the positively charged solution and keep the negatively charged solution.

That initial batch of negatively charged solution would then go through the "ionizer" apparatus and be separated again. The resulting negatively charged solution would then be treated with potassium hydroxide (a form of lye), potassium bicarbonate (sometimes used in baking powders), and magnesium chloride (a salt used in nutritional supplements and for de-icing roads); this formed an "E2 concentrate" product, which, when diluted, formed their alkaline water product.

Environmental engineer and expert witness Issam Najm said that in the charged water, nitrogen gas naturally found in air could have reacted with water to form hydrazine (N2H4), or, during the electrolysis, ammonia (NH3) was formed first, before reacting with hydroxide to form hydrazine.

And let's not forget that the companies they paid to test their bogus product were in fact themselves bogus; you can't make this stuff up.


Chinese network behind one of world’s ‘largest online scams’
May 2024, The Guardian

76,000 fake websites created.
That's all.


Finally, because we just can't tell anymore what's real and what's fake; is this article even real?

A fully edible robot could soon end up on our plate, say scientists
Jun 2024, phys.org

RoboFood - a project which aims to marry robots and food.

Robotic food could reduce electronic waste, help deliver nutrition and medicines to people and animals in need, monitor health, and even pave the way to novel gastronomical experiences.

"Bringing robots and food together is a fascinating challenge" 

For example, gelatin can replace rubber, rice cookies are akin to foam, a chocolate film can protect robots in humid environments, and mixing starch and tannin can mimic commercial glues.

"There is a lot of research on single edible components like actuators, sensors, and batteries" 

In 2023, Italian Institute of Technology researchers realized the first rechargeable edible battery using riboflavin (vitamin B2) and quercetin (found in almonds and capers) in the battery poles, adding activated carbon to facilitate electron transport and nori algae, used to wrap sushi, to prevent short circuits, and packaged with beeswax.

After integrating all components, scientists need to miniaturize them, increase the shelf life of robotic food… and give robots a pleasant taste.

via Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Laboratory of Intelligent Systems: Dario Floreano et al, Towards edible robots and robotic food, Nature Reviews Materials (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00688-9

Wednesday, February 21, 2024

Who's the Alien Now


Way back when this weblog first started, and I had just begun to read religiously the scientific research press releases, I came across this paper; but then I lost it, and I've been looking for it ever since:

Researchers use Moore's Law to calculate that life began before Earth existed
Apr 2013, phys.org

By reverse engineering the rate of acceleration of genetic complexification, the zero-point of origin comes out at 9 billion years, five more than Earth’s existence. 

via the Gulf Specimen Marine Laboratory in Florida and the National Institute on Aging in Baltimore:  Life Before Earth, arXiv:1304.3381 [physics.gen-ph] arxiv.org/abs/1304.3381


Since it has been many years since I first came across this article, perhaps some re-recognition is in order.

I now understand that extreme claims require extreme evidence. Sure, I knew the Carl Sagan quote back then too, but only now, after many years of being burned over and over again do I think I understand it. The idea of using Moore's Law to compute the age of all living organisms sounds pretty extreme, and pretty amazing, so let's get critical.  

First of all, Florida (Gulf Specimen Marine Laboratory in Florida, to be specific). I'm sorry for everyone who lives and works there, but simply incuding the word Florida in any (any) piece of information I see automatically lowers the credibility quotient.

Next, I look at a couple other papers by the authors:

Embodied cognitive morphogenesis as a route to intelligent systems. Bradly Alicea, Richard Gordon, Jesse Parent. Interface Focus Royal Society 06 June 2023, V13 I3. DOI:10.1098/rsfs.2022.0067

Along with the word "Florida", there are other identifiers of low-credibility content I like to use. One of them is "morphic resonance" and "morphogeneis", terms refering to the evolutionary biological theories of Rupert Sheldrake, which are generally considered to be...low on the credibility scale. 

Comprehending the Semiosis of Evolution, Alexei Sharov, Timo Maran, Morten Tønnessen. Biosemiotics. 2016 Apr; 9(1): 1–6. doi: 10.1007/s12304-016-9262-7

And, not that I have anything personally against "semiotics" (big fan actually), it's when you combine semiotics with evolutionary biology that your mouth gets a warning label in my brain. Not that you're wrong, just that it's going to take a lot more to convince me. 

So let's not get too excited. The idea itself though, it's pretty nuts.

Background: The size of non-redundant functional genome can be an indicator of biological complexity of living organisms. Several positive feedback mechanisms including gene cooperation and duplication with subsequent specialization may result in the exponential growth of biological complexity in macro-evolution.

Results: I propose a hypothesis that biological complexity increased exponentially during evolution. Regression of the logarithm of functional non-redundant genome size versus time of origin in major groups of organisms showed a 7.8-fold increase per 1 billion years, and hence the increase of complexity can be viewed as a clock of macro-evolution. A strong version of the exponential hypothesis is that the rate of complexity increase in early (pre-prokaryotic) evolution of life was at most the same (or even slower) than observed in the evolution of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Conclusion: The increase of functional non-redundant genome size in macro-evolution was consistent with the exponential hypothesis. If the strong exponential hypothesis is true, then the origin of life should be dated 10 billion years ago. Thus, the possibility of panspermia as a source of life on earth should be discussed on equal basis with alternative hypotheses of de-novo life origin. Panspermia may be proven if bacteria similar to terrestrial ones are found on other planets or satellites in the solar system.

Note: Genome increase as a clock for the origin and evolution of life. Alexei A Sharov. Biol Direct. 2006 Jun 12;1:17. doi: 10.1186/1745-6150-1-17.


Sunday, December 8, 2019

Artificial Life and The Designer Microbe

Artificial life form given 'synthetic DNA'
May 2019, BBC News

It's a form of E. coli that's been "written from scratch". In other words, every gene it has was altered. And yet it's alive.
Also, it has a name - Syn61.
Welcome.

image source: flowvis.org

Note:
The article points out that "The approach is more cautious than that used by bio-entrepreneur, Craig Venter, whose microbial replicant based on the tiny organism Mycoplasma genitalium was presented to the world in 2010.