Showing posts with label free will. Show all posts
Showing posts with label free will. Show all posts

Thursday, November 17, 2022

Step Away From the Machine


First, the image seen above is from a series of protest photos by a man named Chauncey Hare. That's him in his own photo, sitting in his cubicle at the EPA. He thinks big business and their big owners are taking over the world, and he's probably right. 

One thing that's pretty certain -- we are not in control, not of the world at large, and not even of ourselves. 

Image credit: Chauncey Hare - Self Portrait at EPA - 1980 [Protest Photos]
Chauncey Hare, "Self Portrait at EPA" (1980), from Quitting Your Day Job: Chauncey Hare’s Photographic Work by Robert Slifkin (MACK, 2022), Chauncey Hare Photograph Archive, BANC PIC 2000.012.14:023- 024—ffALB. This photograph was made by Chauncey Hare to protest and warn against the growing domination of working people by multi-national corporations and their elite owners and managers. (© The Regents of the University of California, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley) https://hyperallergic.com/741181/chauncey-hare-quitting-your-day-job/

Researcher offers new explanation for consciousness
Oct 2022, phys.org

Deepak Chopra's pissed:
"In a nutshell, our theory is that consciousness developed as a memory system that is used by our unconscious brain to help us flexibly and creatively imagine the future and plan accordingly," explained corresponding author Andrew Budson, MD, professor of neurology. "What is completely new about this theory is that it suggests we don't perceive the world, make decisions, or perform actions directly. Instead, we do all these things unconsciously and then—about half a second later—consciously remember doing them."

"Even our thoughts are not generally under our conscious control. This lack of control is why we may have difficulty stopping a stream of thoughts running through our head as we're trying to go to sleep, and also why mindfulness is hard," adds Budson.

via Boston University School of Medicine: Andrew E. Budson et al, Consciousness as a Memory System, Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology (2022). DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000319


Scientists identify pathway that triggers mice to scratch when they see others do the same
Oct 2022, phys.org

"Contagious itching" is controlled through a visual pathway, that surprisingly, operates independently of the visual cortex.

You can see without a visual cortex. What else do we not-see?

via Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis: Fang Gao et al, A non-canonical retina-ipRGCs-SCN-PVT visual pathway for mediating contagious itch behavior, Cell Reports (2022). DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111444.


A handful of universities seem to control flow of ideas, people in academia
Oct 2022, phys.org

Just network science telling us what to do, as usual:

The structure of the American professoriate -- five U.S. universities have trained 1-in-8 tenure-track faculty members serving at the nation's institutions of higher learning.

(University of California, Berkeley; Harvard University; University of Michigan; Stanford University; and University of Wisconsin-Madison)

via University of Colorado at Boulder: Daniel Larremore, Quantifying hierarchy and dynamics in US faculty members hiring and retention, Nature (2022). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05222-x


Post Script:
Scientists obtain effects through virtual reality comparable to those of psychedelic drugs
Sep 2022, phys.org

They design virtual reality intersubjective group spaces where participants experience together the collective emergence, fluctuation and dissipation of their own bodies, and which produce responses similar to those triggered by psychoactive drugs.

Something about this says Robert Heinlein to me. A social science fiction perhaps. 

via Intangible Realities Laboratory at the Citius Intelligent Technologies Research Centre, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; and ArtSci International Foundation in Bristol: David R. Glowacki et al, Group VR experiences can produce ego attenuation and connectedness comparable to psychedelics, Scientific Reports (2022). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12637-z

Wednesday, August 4, 2021

User Friendly

The book User Friendly is great and highly recommended for anyone interested in design. This piece here has seemingly little to do with user design, but it's real good for the talk here on Network Address about algos and predictive analytics.

The Cambridge Analytica operation, circa 2013, showed us how powerful predictive analytics could be when combined with persistent pervasive behavior surveillance; I think most people forget how much "it knows"

A few dozen "likes" can guess:
  • race (95%)
  • marital status (88%)
  • political party (85%)
  • marital status
  • religiosity
  • cigarette smoking
  • drug use
  • separated parents
70 likes gets you:
  • the Big 5 personality trait survey responses
  • better than a friend could guess
150 likes:
  • better than a parent
300 likes:
  • better than a partner
Post Script:
"Facebook doesn't spread information so much as affirmation" and it "allows the fringes to feel like the center" p264
User Friendly: How the Hidden rules of Design Are Changing the Way We Live, Work, and Play
Cliff Kuang and Robert Fabricant, 2019

Post Post Script:
"The best designs dissolve into behavior" (p304)
-Naoto Fukasawa

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Data Free Lifestyle



Grindr and Twitter face 'out of control' complaint
Jan 2020, BBC News

As an American, I like to read from the BBC, because it's good for perspective.

Some of the big dogs in Personal Data (aka social media networking platforms) are being accused of an "insane violation" of massive commercial surveillance and unlawfully sharing user data.

The complaint says that every time you use one of these applications on your mobile device, the advertisement company -- not the social site you're using like Ashley Madison (jk) but the advertiser behind them -- they get your GPS location, as well as a dozen other device identifiers (such as the fact that you're cheating on your wife).

In Europe, there is a thing that protects web users from "leaking" their personal data every time they access the internet. It's called the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and it says that any website that holds in a database user information -- any user information, like usernames and passwords -- they have to disclose that to the user. Even if they're going to use cookies on their site (to track you), they have to disclose that, and they have to be clear about how they're getting your information and what they will do with, like who else they'll give it to (and how much they charge for it jk).

This complaint, however, says that the advertising companies use policies that are straight-incomprehensible. And then they say they are "out of control." Pretty intense accusations.

***
Again, as an American reading this, I am struck because well, these accusations point to behavior that is totally normal and acceptable in the United States. There is no GDPR here. Advertising companies make money and the websites make money, and we love money, shit. If they do it by exploiting the massive data-collecting and profile-building opportunity that is the internet, then they are entrepreneurs.

Europeans are outraged. Americans however, meh. When the news broke that the NSA was conducting a panoptical surveillance operation on the entire nation's population, and under the direction of and coordinated by the government, folks didn't seem to mind.

If the general commercial industry is doing it too, not a problem. And that's the perspective you get when reading a foreign country's news, you get to turn the camera back on yourself. The country that believes in freedom at all costs and in all ways, they've got nothing to hide, and so they don't worry about these things. 

***
How about the Internet of Things, where your house is like there is no more internet; I am the internet now. Here's a current example from a company that connects your doorbell to the internet. They're getting riffed for sending personal data about the user to third parties with names like Crashalytics, which sounds helpful, and also to "deep-linking platforms" which sounds a bit ominous.
What do they get?
  • full name
  • email addresses
  • app settings
  • time zone
  • device model
  • screen resolution
  • IP address
  • magnetometer
  • gyroscope
  • accelerometer
  • "a number of unique identifiers"
  • *Google-owned Crashalytics - an amount of customer data "yet to be determined" -link
Notes:
Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF)
International non-profit digital-rights group based in the U.S.

Ring doorbell 'gives Facebook and Google user data'
Jan 2020, BBC News

Wednesday, October 2, 2019

Mental Vaccines Are Coming to Take Your Thoughts Away


Fear not fellow Americans, we'll be cured of the Fake News Blues in no time.

You see it everywhere --  we're turning fossil fuels into planet-killing death gas because climate change isn't real, turning kids into petri dishes for vintage diseases because the immune system isn't real, and even turning unscrupulous businessmen into national superheroes, because morals aren't real!

But finally, some psychologists from Cambridge have developed a mental inoculation that builds your resistance to bad data through small doses of exposure. The way it works is that they give you some real data (climate change; it's real), and then they give you some fake data (climate change; Chinese conspiracy!), and THEN they give you the reasons why the fake stuff is fake and the real stuff is real.

When you see it side by side, and when you see the rebuttal come from the same source as both the real and the fake, you build a little bit of resistance.

Notes:
Mental “vaccine” protects both parties from plague of fake news and lies
Jan 2017, Ars Technica

Inoculating the Public against Misinformation about Climate Change
Global Challenges, 2017. DOI: 10.1002/gch2.201600008

Here is for those who are trying to reconcile how climate change can be a national security threat and yet not a threat both at the same time:
A brief introduction to climate change and national security
Yale Climate Connections, 2019

See also



Tuesday, January 3, 2017

Nature Nature Everywhere


Van Gogh's starry swirls are generally known to be formed according to Levy distributions, which are mathematical formulae, and can be found in turbulent water and other natural phenomena

Musical melodies obey same laws as foraging animals
phys.org, Jan 2016

"The researchers found that the distribution of melodic intervals in two classical concertos and two folk songs can be modeled by a Lévy distribution... [which] describes many other diverse scenarios, such as the turbulent motion of a particle in a liquid or gas, the changes in the price of a stock, earthquake activity, and the foraging paths of wild animals."

It really makes you wonder natural vs artificial, and free will etc.

Did Van Gogh really put those lines there, or was he just following his animal instinct. Debussy?

POST SCRIPT

Music, the Arts and Ideas
Leonard B. Meyer, U. of Chicago, 1967

“It is impossible to stand outside of culture, for the models and categories we use on conceptualizing and ordering the world are necessarily limited to, if not determined by, those which are provided by our particular culture.” (viii)

“A culture, like a musical style, is a learned probability system.” (p17, footnote 21)

Culture as Learned Probability System
Network Address, 2012

Sunday, December 23, 2012

Culture as Learned Probability System

Music, the Arts and Ideas
Leonard B. Meyer, U. of Chicago, 1967

CULTURE
“It is impossible to stand outside of culture, for the models and categories we use on conceptualizing and ordering the world are necessarily limited to, if not determined by, those which are provided by our particular culture.” (viii)

“A culture, like a musical style, is a learned probability system.” (p17, footnote 21)


MEANING
“Meaning is when stimulus does not fit expectation.”

“Meaning is the difference between expectation and actual.”

Meaning, being also a measure of the uncertainty between antecedent and consequent is also related to probability.

PROBABILITY SYSTEMS
“Once a musical style has become part of the habit responses of composers, performers, and practical listeners it may be regarded as a complex system of probabilities. That musical styles are internalized probability systems is demonstrated by the rules of musical grammar and syntax found in textbooks on harmony, counterpoint, and theory in general.”
In the Tonal Harmony of Western Music, the tonic chord is
-most often followed by the dominant
-frequently by the subdominant
-sometimes by the subdominant
In Counterpoint, after a large melodic skip, the melody
-usually moves in the opposite direction, filling in the tones passed over.

DEVIATION
occurs by:
Delay – of expectation/norm
Antecedent Ambiguity/Uncertainty – equally probably constituents may be envisaged
Unexpected/Improbable – within the specific context
-deviation requires meaning, or more specifically: active creation of new meaning, which occurs within the temporal/tonal expectations


INFORMATION
Information is measured by the randomness of the choices possible in a given situation. If a situation is highly organized and the possible consequents in the pattern process have a high degree of probability, the information (or entropy) is low.

If, however, the situation is characterized by a high degree of shuffledness so that the consequents are more or less equi-probable, then information (or entropy) is said to be high.

Perception:
“What we perceive as the present is the vivid fringe of memory tinged with anticipation.”
-A.N. Whitehead, The Concept of Nature, in G.J. Whitrow, The Natural Philosophy of Time, p83, in Meyers, p89.

“The practically cognized present is no knife-edge, but a saddle-back, with a certain breadth of its own in which we sit perched, and from which we look in two directions in time.”
-William James, Principles of Psychology, 1950, p609

Predictions create the future:
“Prediction itself – that is, belief about the probable future – may make an incalculable difference in it.”
-Herbert J. Muller, “Misuses of the Past”, p12, Horizon 1 (March 1959), on Meyer, p90


The Determinism vs. Free Will Problem
Might it not be that the problem stems from a failure to distinguish between the relatively undetermined, non-statistical processes characteristic of the level of individual choice and those forces which, more determined and quasi-statistical, are operative on the higher levels of sociocultural history. It may be that the problem of determinism vs. free will stems from a confusion of hierarchic levels of analysis. (p97)

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 6, 2012
TUESDAY, DECEMBER 4, 2012
TUESDAY, JULY 10, 2012

Wednesday, December 12, 2012

Aunt Colony



"I am beginning to see things from two different vantage points. From an ant's-eye point of view, a signal has no purpose. The typical ant in a signal is just meandering around the colony, in search of nothing in particular, until it finds that it feels like stopping. Its teammates usually agree and that moment the team unloads itself, by crumbling apart, leaving just its numbers but none of its coherency. No planning is required, no looking ahead, nor is any search required to determine the proper direction. But from the colony's point of view, the team has just responded to a message which was written in the language of the caste distribution. Now from this perspective, it looks very much like purposeful activity."

"Prelude...Ant Fugue", Douglas Hofstadter
in The Mind's I, Hofstadter and Dennett, eds., 1981


Monday, December 10, 2012

Creativity, Intent and Memetics

At present, a kind of circularity haunts us: our cultures are not given, but are profoundly transformed by our own activities and policies. That which inspires us with our aims is also visibly modified by us; what then is the authority of our aims? (267-268)
Plough, Sword and Book
Ernest Gellner
U. of Chicago Press
1988

Tuesday, December 4, 2012

On Hindsight and Blindness

aka Greta Garbo Lips:

Hans Meegeren, Forger Extraordinaire, ~1930's

note: Hans VanMeegeren is perhaps the world's most well-known forger of fine art. In the ~1930's, he tricked everyone into thinking his paintings were those of 1600's Dutch master, Johannes Vermeer. By the ~1980-s, critics looked at his work with confusion:

Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery
Hans Van Meegeren forging Johannes Vermeer, 1942
"How could people believe these things were painted in the 1600's, all the faces have Greta Garbo's lips; it's so obvious!"
Greta Garbo, ~1930's

Regarding the subjective ‘reading’ of the work/artist to be forged:
“It has often been pointed out forgeries which looked entirely convincing when they were made reveal an obvious deficiency to the eyes of a later generation. This is so because a forger unintentionally supplies the work of the past with the qualities he and his peer s [unconsciously] see in them”. (1)

Maybe it was "Greta Garbo Eyes"...?

“There is one time-related art historical principle that VanMeegeren could not account for or combat – namely, the fact that works of art often bear the stamp, the characteristics of their own era. [Because of these tendencies for contemporary features to creep into forgeries] the style of VanMeegeren’s paintings is like that of Vermeer only superficially. The important resemblances to such Symbolist artists as Toorop are much more important. Characteristics that mark an era may be those that are most universally appreciated at that time. They seem also to be the qualities that become “dated” most quickly. The generation for which these qualities are in fashion tends to be blind to them, but to the next generation they may become painfully evident. This is certainly true of the VanMeegerens. What was lauded in the 1930’s looks superficial and thin in the 1980’s. No doubt we are as blind to the telltale appearance of our own taste and fashions in contemporary forgeries.” (2)

-1. Rudolph Arnheim, “On Duplication”, pp232-245
-2. Hope B. Werness, “Han VanMeegeren fecit” pp1-57
in The Forger’s Art: Forgery and the Philosophy of Art
Denis Dutton, ed.
Berkeley, 1983 

Partially-related internet article:

Greta Garbo Lips

“A mouth drawn outwards with square edges emphasizes the stern, perfectionist appearance of the sober 30’s. Women, having witnessed the financial battery of the Great Depression, are thrifty and austere. Greta Garbo and Marlene Dietrich – powerful, yet glamorous women who are not afraid to determine their own fate – are idols of the time. Their steely and androgynous appearance personifies the adult woman. Lip color is a silky/glossy reddish brown.”

Lipstick Trends Through The Decades
August 4, 2009 
Sarah Howard, Beauty Banter

Thursday, November 15, 2012

Crows Don't Understand Shit


Crows can 'reason' about causes, a recent study
18 September 2012, BBC
If I only had a brain...

Time and again, I can't help but think it is us who are more animal than we think. Even our thinking is a product of evolution. We don't make the decisions; ours is to produce variety. Something else makes the decisions, something else calls the mind rational. Perhaps crows do understand. If so, then, we do not.
clipped article:
Tool-making crows have the ability to "reason", say scientists.

In an experiment, researchers found that crows were more likely to forage when they could attribute changes in their environment to a human presence.

This behaviour may suggest "complex cognition", according to a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The study is the first to suggest that animals have the ability to make reasoned inferences, although scientists added that the phenomenon could be more common among animals than previously thought.

see also:
Joshua Klein: The intelligence of crows
FILMED MAR 2008 • POSTED MAY 2008 • TED2008
Watch him explain how he taught crows to recycle, as well as pickpocket
http://www.ted.com/talks/joshua_klein_on_the_intelligence_of_crows.html


Dogs understand human perspective, say researchers
Sean Coughlan, 11 February 2013
They found dogs were four times more likely to steal food they had been forbidden, when lights were turned off so humans in the room could not see.