Wednesday, July 22, 2026

Acid Test


Reading this is like tripping on acid.

Crystals of space and time: A structural phenomenon that may collapse into tiny black holes
May 2026, phys.org

Space and time can form a kind of "crystal" that may turn into a black hole. ... When spacetime organizes itself into a regular, crystal-like structure during a process known as critical collapse. Black holes usually form in spectacular events, such as the death of a massive star. But in theory, arbitrarily small black holes are also possible: tiny microscopic objects that can emerge from special critical states after the slightest addition of energy.

Wait

"This spacetime crystal is a very peculiar and fascinating object," says Grumiller. "It is a kind of intermediate state, an unstable point that can evolve in two different directions. It may simply dissolve again, leaving behind ordinary spacetime filled with freely moving particles. But if a tiny amount of energy is added, the evolution takes a completely different path: the inconspicuous spacetime crystal turns into a black hole."

Not done yet

"Our universe has four dimensions—three dimensions of space and one dimension of time," explains Christian Ecker. "But in principle, nothing prevents us from writing down physical equations for a larger number of dimensions—five dimensions, forty-two dimensions, or even infinitely many."

via Vienna University of Technology: Christian Ecker et al, Analytic Discrete Self-Similar Solutions of Einstein-Klein-Gordon at Large D, Physical Review Letters (2026). DOI: 10.1103/qgl5-5l3t

Image credit: Christopher Payne - Making Dum Dums at Spangler Candy Bryon OH - 2020

Monday, July 20, 2026

The End of the Universe is Right Around the Corner


If you're looking to prepare yourself for the end of the universe, Asimov's The Universe: From Flat Earth to Quasar (1971) is a nice place to start, maybe Herbert Butterfield's The Origins of Modern Science (1949). Maybe you're a bit more anarchic and would rather focus on the "revolutionary" part; then take it from Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), which should really start with Ludwig Fleck's Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact (1935). These things don't happen fast, at least not on the scale of a human life. But these days we are seeing things happen fast. Gravity as we know it is having a kind of identity crisis.   

Foundation AI models trained on physics, not words, are driving scientific discovery
Jan 2026, phys.org

"I continue to be awed by the fact that a multi-disciplinary physics foundation model works at all, let alone at this level." 

While most AI models are trained on text and images, this team trains AI on physics, and then applies the knowledge they gain from one class of physical systems to completely different problems.

These are the models:
Walrus  - 15 terabytes of density, velocity and pressure in physical systems like merging neutron stars, acoustic waves and shifting layers in Earth's atmosphere
AION-1 - 100 terabyte astronomical survey of stars, quasars and galaxies 

via University of Cambridge: Michael McCabe et al, Walrus: A Cross-Domain Foundation Model for Continuum Dynamics, arXiv (2025). DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2511.15684

Totally unrelated image credit: Monkey with an ice cream cone means something but I'm not sure what - Martin Nicourt for Gibraltar Macaques Project - 2026


Gravity from positivity: Single massive spin-3/2 particle makes gravity logically inevitable, study claims
Apr 2026, phys.org

A single massive spin-3/2 particle simply cannot exist in isolation within a consistent theory. Its scattering amplitudes grow too fast with energy, clashing with positivity inequalities. The theory breaks down barely above the particle's own mass. Therefore, supersymmetry is not a postulate: it is a logical necessity. Famous relations between the gravitino mass, the Planck mass, and the supersymmetry-breaking scale emerge here from the sole demand that probabilities be positive and effects propagate within the light cone.

Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Physique Théorique, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics Santa Barbara, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona: Brando Bellazzini et al, (Super) gravity from positivity, Journal of High Energy Physics (2026). DOI: 10.1007/jhep03(2026)028


New quantum theory of gravity brings long-sought 'theory of everything' a crucial step closer
May 2025, phys.org

(This short press article doesn't actually explain much, and they still need to prove it, so let's take it easy here.)

via Aalto University: Mikko Partanen et al, Gravity generated by four one-dimensional unitary gauge symmetries and the Standard Model, Reports on Progress in Physics (2025). DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/adc82e

Sunday, July 19, 2026

Structural Decoherence and Assembloid Resistance


Things to consider as we dematerialize into our furniture - Buildings as living organisms and we will all be living in crystals in the future. Otherwise, how did it take us this long to figure out we could do this with 3D printing:

'Implosion carving' shrinks 3D photonic devices 2,000-fold for visible-light computing
May 2026, phys.org

They figured out how to create vacancies at any site across a material and then shrink it to about 1/2,000 of its original volume, making nanostructures with feature sizes with a resolution less than 100 nanometers; because that resolution is smaller than the wavelength of light, the devices can bend light in specific ways that allow them to perform optical computations.

via MIT: Quansan Yang et al, Isotropic shrinkage of patterned vacancies enables three-dimensional nanoprecise metastructures for visible light applications, Nature Photonics (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41566-026-01896-1

Image credit: Christopher Payne - New York's Forgotten Substations The Power Behind the Subway_6 - 2002 https://chrispaynephoto.com


Novel origami pattern turns flat sheets into load-bearing 3D technology
May 2026, phys.org

It's a "doubly curved lens box", also called a flat tendon-driven origami metamaterial with stiffness reprogrammability. ... Starting from a desired curved shape (such as a sphere, torus or vase-like surface), the researchers used differential geometry—mathematical theories for origami tiling and developable surfaces—followed by numerical optimization to compute the exact crease pattern needed so that, once folded and locked, the origami shell would match the target geometry. ... They next laser-cut and folded paperboard sheets into these patterns, assembled them into shells, and embedded thin cables ("tendons") through specific points. "By tightening or loosening the tendons, we measured how the stiffness changed and showed that the shells could go from saggy and flexible to rigid and resistant to twisting and bending."

via McGill University: Morad Mirzajanzadeh et al, Smooth doubly curved origami shells with reprogrammable rigidity, Nature Communications (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69562-2


A low-tech solution to the 6G problem—metacrystal panels offer cheap way to guide wireless signals around corners
Jun 2026, phys.org

Higher-frequency channels of 6G communications are more easily blocked by walls, people and other obstacles. Metacrystals are passive, 3D-printed smart panels that can shape wireless signals without electronics, a power supply or active tuning.

Unlike many existing intelligent surfaces, which often perform only one task for one signal direction, the panels can handle several incoming waves at the same time, operate over different frequency bands simultaneously, work in reflection or transmission mode, and even fully absorb unwanted signals.

via Aalto University: Metacrystals: Inversely-designed 3D-printed intelligent panels for 6G communications, Nature Communications (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-73019-x


Rising heat and humidity challenge energy-efficient data center cooling worldwide
Jun 2026, phys.org

They assessed historical and projected temperatures and humidity levels around the world and compared them with the conditions required for "direct air free cooling," wherein naturally cold outside air is brought in to cool a building or equipment.

"We found that periods of time when temperature and humidity exceed recommended operating thresholds for direct air-free cooling are becoming more frequent and lasting longer in many regions"

One of their key findings is that the largest changes are not always seen in average conditions. In several regions, worst-day conditions are intensifying more rapidly than average conditions, indicating that environmental stress is becoming increasingly concentrated in rare but consequential events.

Funny way of describing the climate catastrophe: "Worst-day conditions are intensifying more rapidly than average conditions"

via University of Hawaii at Manoa School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology: Christina Karamperidou et al, Limitations to air free cooling in data centers under rising heat and humidity, Scientific Reports (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-56926-3

Saturday, July 18, 2026

Duped - Truth Default Theory and the Social Science of Lying and Deception

Written by Timothy R. Levine on University of Alabama Press, 2020

Hardcore academic, but not the kind who makes words up to confuse you instead of just doing a better job of explaining things. He never believes his own results; instead he changes the variables and does another study. He's the opposite of the self-stimulating hermit who writes not to communicate to others but to hear himself talk. He's a real model of what a researcher should be. He's got healthy but persistent suspicion of everything, he's really intent on setting the record straight, on being absolutely certain before you say something, and he's not discrediting or disparaging anyone else in the process. And finally, in a way you never see in a science book like this, it does come with a climax at the end, and makes it feel like the whole thing was a story, constructed on purpose, with a beginning, middle, and end. You wish every researcher was like this. He even mentions how he gets upset that taxpayer funds go to wack theories. 

Also, the amount of time he spends and the effort in making it crystal clear who was the brains behind the "veracity effect" at the beginning of Chapter 12 is not only reaffirming to hear such respect but also another opportunity to see into the academic machine in ways that are often ignored. Sometimes I wonder if it's out of a kind of elitism where authors think "regular readers" wouldn't understand or don't care about these details. Not true, and I feel more respected as a reader. 

  • Most people are honest most of the time.
  • Most lies are told by a few prolific liars. 
  • (Taken from Turner) Honesty as complete disclosure may be inaccurate, and may be better described as fidelity to maintaining a relationship by selectively controlling information.
  • (Levine) Deception may not be a moral choice, but a practical one, and need not be conscious, but does serve a purpose. 
  • The younger you are, the more you lie. 
  • In deception studies, your chances of guessing correctly whether someone's lying is 54%.
  • Most people, when they do lie, are pretty good liars. 
  • People who appear confident, friendly, composed, and engaged tend to be believed.
  • Some people have honest demeanors and some don't, and that's it. 
  • Liars do the same "telltale" behaviors as non-liars, leading to much misclassification. 
  • Non-verbal cues for deception detection came from folk wisdom, but also the coincidence that many of the researchers came from non-verbal communication studies.
  • Most people think lack of eye contact is the #1 sign of deception, but also shifting posture, response latency, fast talking, speech errors, more pauses and hesitation, less plausible content, contradict themselves, less conversationally involved, uncertainty in voice, less friendly and cooperative, and more nervous.
  • High pitch and pupil dilation correlate, but it's small. 
  • Theories that don't work: Ekman's leakage theory that we unconsciously "leak" the truth via gestures etc. while lying , but only for emotionally potent, high stakes lies. He sums up all the other theories of deception in a meta-theory called Cue Theory: deception is a psychological state that manifests behavioral cues which can be detected. He also references a man named Kraut 1980s who says all deception theory is biased on the assumption that observable behavior represents internal states.  
  • He has concerns about deception research in the legal and criminal psychology areas - they seem cliquish and provincial; they co-author and review one another's work. 

  • "Deception becomes probable when the truth makes honest communication difficult or inefficient."
  • "Deception - or more precisely, the possession of problematic information ..."
  • Deception becomes probable when people judge truthful information as so problematic it can't be disclosed (McCornack).
  • Deception is purposive, i.e., people lie for a reason: "The basic functions of communication include being informative and sharing information and influencing the affect, cognition and behaviors of others; entertainment; and building, maintaining or ending social, personal, and professional relationships." p154

Deception Motives:
  • Personal Transgression - cover up a misdeed
  • Economic Advantage - money as always
  • Personal Advantage - promotion at work, avoid a disliked task
  • Social or Politeness - saying a stupid gift is really nice
  • Altruism - to protect another; father lying to daughter about being sick
  • Self-Impression Management - status? (cant this be #3?)
  • Malicious - cause harm to others
  • Humor - like a prank
  • Pathological - delusional, disregard for consequences
  • Avoidance - sorry can't make it tonight, my fish tank just exploded

Variable Affecting Truth Bias:
  • Experimentally primed suspicion - when you are told to be suspicious
  • Closeness of relationship - closer you are, the more you're biased to believing them
  • Face-to-face interaction 
  • Mere questioning aka The Probing Effect - watching a person be questioned, no matter how they answer, makes them look more honest to you (now that's an interesting one)
  • Sender demeanor believability - this is the strongest variable

Truth Default Deactivation Triggers:
  • Projected motive for deception - you think they have a reason to lie
  • Dishonest demeanor - they "look like" they're lying
  • Incoherent message content - doesn't make sense
  • Lack of correspondence between content and reality - also doesn't make sense
  • Warning from a third party

On Scientific Revolutions and Paradigm Shifting:

This only applies to deception research, but it's the common phenomenon you see all the time preceding a drastic shift in thinking within a field of study. For decades, you had a 56% chance of detecting deception, based on the deception research. But those experiments were just not generalizable, or in other words, they were too "artificial" to be compared to real life. It's an example of how easily we are hypnotized by our own time. 

The Behavior Quotient aka The Demeanor Index:

Alas, this is the reason I bought the book; people appear so apt to believe me when I talk, and I find that so weird because I would be super-suspicious of myself if I heard myself talking, and I wonder what it is that makes people like this. He says this list is worth "vastly more than what you paid for this book." It started because in one of his experiments there were a few "senders" who everyone got wrong, and a few who everyone got right, so they looked at those people, and this is what they found:

Sincere (Honest) Demeanor Cues:
  • Confidence and composure
  • Pleasant and friendly interaction style
  • Engaged and involved interaction style
  • Gives plausible explanations

Insincere (Dishonest) Demeanor Cues:
  • Avoids eye contact
  • Appears hesitant and slow in providing answers
  • Vocal uncertainty (in tone of voice)
  • Excessive fidgeting 
  • Appears tense, nervous, anxious
  • Portrays an inconsistent demeanor over course of interaction
  • Verbal uncertainty (bad vocabulary?)
  • I call all these things basic public speaking skills?

Finally, and providing climax in a science book, something which never happens, or which isn't necessarily supposed to happen, they reveal that in fact it's possible to break the 56% accuracy ceiling. Expertise is possible but it's context-dependent and involves knowing how to prompt diagnostically useful information rather than passive observation of behavioral cues. The experts scored 100%, not 56%.

Note that up until now, deception researchers used scripted questions, which undercuts the experts' expertise; the whole point of them being experts is them knowing which questions to ask. 

How did they do it? Start conversationally, get to know the person. Then, ask critical information about th eissue, like facts that can be corroborated. Then ask about their integrity and views on cheating (the experiment was a simulated cheating scenario). Then they circle back and ask the same questions again ina  different way, but remembering the first answers. They also tried to convince them to confess, stressing the importance of honesty. 

Five Keys to Improving Lie Detection:
  • Correspondence of communication in evidence - what you said vs known facts
  • Content in context - situational familiarity, knowing whether this is a joke or has double meaning
  • Assessment of deception motives
  • Diagnostic questioning
  • Persuading honesty


Friday, July 17, 2026

Determined - A Science of Life Without Free Will


Written by Robert Sapolsky 2023

I've read too much of his work by now, not to mention sitting through all 72 hours of his Human Behavior 101 course at Stanford. So much so that I'm not the audience for this book because I already 1. Believe him, and 2. I know why I believe it. That being said, there are entire chapters in here about physics and randomness, and I am not a happy camper when I see a scientist of one discipline write about a different discipline. It's one thing if it comes up in conversation, but to use your platform, which you've earned by being an expert in your field, to talk about stuff beyond that field, not cool. I call it the Neil DeGrasse Tyson effect, because during the pandemic, when he was really at the peak of his public persona, he talked a lot about biology and epidemiology and even air quality on the platforms he had access to (television shows, podcasts, etc.) because of his recognition as a **physicist**. And an astrophysicist at that, which is about as far as physics gets from things biological. That pissed me off. Personally, because I was an industrial hygienist at the time, and if there's one thing that's "in the lane" of the IH, it's infectious aerosols and indoor air quality. But I was moreso pissed because it's deception, or at least an exploitation. I know it's tempting, when you're smart, and trusted as an authority, to answer basically any question that comes your way; you might even feel obligated. But it's not professional. And I get that Sapolsky needed a chapter on randomness to talk about free will, but I didn't buy this book to hear him talk about physics. For that I buy a book by a renowned physicist (just not Leonard Mlodinow, because his 2008 book The Drunkard's Walk sucked and was a total disappointment). The whole thing has an air of ... mental incest? Self-stimulation I guess is what you might call it if your were trying to be professional; there's a couple other phrases that come to mind, but they sound a bit adolescent so I'll avoid it. 

Image credit: Sapolsky in the Field circa 1990

Next, I swear he's got as much text in the footnotes as he does in the book proper. That's annoying, and makes it look like you didn't put enough thought into the book. Also makes me wonder how his editor and publisher let him get away with it.

Alas. All that being said, the way he introduces the book and his ideas is so good and so effortless, so amicable. This is a guy who knows how not to pick fights - he spent much of his life hanging out with baboons (and never once got eaten to death!).
  • Right off the bat, he says explicitly he's not trying to pick fights, and not arguing on a personal level with anyone. A good way for any writer to start their book of arguments. 
  • And the very next section is titled "Whom I Will Be Disagreeing With". The way he pre-emptively addresses his critics is so instructive, and likely the result of having written several books already, and experiencing the resulting maelstrom of highly informed, sometimes highly combative opinions. 

  • "While we are free to do as we intend, we are not free to intend what we intend." p19
  • Alien hand syndrome, and anarchic hand syndrome (Dr Strangelove and the unwanted Nazi salute)
  • "Chronotheology" is what critics called Libet's experiments that seem to show that some part of your brain makes decisions before you're even aware of it. 
  • "Turtleism" is "turtles all the way down" (and is strongly correlated with the "Always Has Been" astronaut shooting the other astronaut meme).
  • I find these too hard to believe, but I will write them down: Lying by voicemail increased request for mouthwash, and lying by email for hand sanitizer. See The MacBeth Effect: C Zhang and K Lijenquist 2006; SW Lee and N Schwarz 2010; E Kalanthroff, C Aslan and R Dar 2017; Schnall, Benton, Harvey 2008; Kaspar, Krapp, Konig 2015
  • After pointing out the human frontal cortex takes 12 more years after the rest of the primates to develop, "the genetic program of the human brain evolved to free the frontal cortex from genes as much as possible" (what I'd rather call cultural evolution and the arena of artificial selection)
  • Rainforest vs Desert dwellers and why "55% of humans proclaim religions invented by Middle Eastern monotheistic shepherds". (Rainforest dwellers tend to have polytheistic religions.)
  • The Hungry Judge (not easy to get to the bottom of this because for example the wikipedia page as of 2025 said it was disproven, but when you consider just the biases and motives of potential actors, you might want to err on the side of it being true?) This is in a footnote, not the text proper - "The finding was challenged by some critics who suggested that it was a statistical artifact of the way parole hearings were carried out; the authors reanalyzed their data to control for these possibilities, convincingly showing that the effect was still there. An additional study showed the identical pattern: subjects read job applicant profiles from out-group minority members; the longer it had been since a meal, the less time was spent on each application." p107
  • On the "Initial Conditions" of the Butterfly Effect (inside joke) - he says that when Lorenz came up with his strange attractor theory, he tried to summarize it with a metaphor about seagulls, but a friend suggested something more picturesque, and by 1972 we have the title of the talk ... p133 ("What Could Be Worse Than the Butterfly Effect?" R Bishop in Canadian Journal of Philosophy 2008)
  • *** Some things were free will and now they're not, because we learned more. "In this view, "free will" is what we call the biology that we don't understand on a predictive level yet, and when we do understand it, it stops being free will." p150
  • When lethal injection machines were invented, some states stipulated that there'd be two separate delivery routes, each with a syringe full of poison, two people would press each of two buttons, and a randomizer in the machine would infuse the poison from one syringe into the person and dump the contents of the other into a bucket. ... defusing the sense of responsibility. p152
  • [This is where I stop reading entire chapters about physics by neurologists.]
  • "On the Reception and Detection of Pseudo-Scientific Bullshit" by Gordon Pennycock and wisdomofchopra.com
  • ***Dan Dennett's Nefarious Neurosurgeon - a surgeon does a procedure on a patient and then lies and says she implanted a chip in their brain that robs them of their free will, and that she now controls them. Unburdened by responsibility for their actions, they become criminal. And that, Dennet says, is how neuroscientists rob people of their free will. p390
  • ***In general, it's hard to convince people there's no free will, and hence nobody's actions are their fault, because then also their accomplishments aren't their's either, and they get no credit. Nobody's going for that. Saul Smilansky's Philosophical Illusionism comes to this conclusion. 

  • To live through "free will colored glasses"
  • In the epilogue he refutes meritocracy arguments - The issue isn't that so-called meritocracies reward un-qualified people, it's how qualified people come to be that way. The opportunities, not the standards, are unequal. p407

Thursday, July 16, 2026

Be Afraid


We are not ready for this. 

Lab-grown brain-spinal cord model shows 'irreversible' nerve damage may be reversed
May 2026, phys.org

It's a miniature lab-grown brain and spinal cord, but they simply call it "miniature circuits".

via University of Cambridge: George M. Gibbons et al, A human corticospinal organoid-slice connectoid model informs enhancer strategies for post-injury axon regrowth, Cell Reports (2026). DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117399

Post Script for those who believe we ARE ready for this:
New bioreactor turns stem cells into an immune-cell factory, producing 40 million human macrophages per week
Apr 2026, phys.org

Researchers at Hannover Medical School (MHH) have developed a method for the efficient production of human immune cells, such as macrophages, in medium-sized bioreactors

"Medium-sized", for now

via Hannover Medical School: Fawaz Saleh et al, Harnessing intermediate-scale bioreactors for next-generation macrophage production and application, Nature Protocols (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41596-025-01313-x

The Pencil - A History of Design and Circumstance


Written by Henry Petroski, 1989

It's hard to believe that this is pretty much the only book written on the pencil.

I have a lot of notes; it's all over the place, but that's never stopped me before from posting it all up here.

  • The original pencils were made with lead, but they were literally a lump held in the hand; later the lump was put in holders, and later still graphite was discovered (1560's England), although it was called black lead, plumbago, or English antimony at the time, though Germans called it white lead or bismuth, and others still called it Flemish stone, and it didn't get it's name graphite until two hundred years later (1779) when they had good microscopes to see the chemical structure and realize it wasn't lead at all; the word graphite means graph - to write - in Latin, with -ite at the end to denote it's a mineral.
  • Thoreau doesn't include pencils on his list of items for going into the Muir Woods.
  • The origin of the word pencil is penis, which means tail in Latin; the original use of the word pencil was more like a paint brush. Also, codex is Latin for tree trunk, on which a codex would have been written.
  • Early writing used a stylus on wax tablets backed with ivory.
  • Much later, guidelines or blind lines as they were called were put on paper in lead, but the words were written in ink 
  • Homemade quill pencils circa 1800s America 
  • The pencil as we know it today is called the "cedar and graphite" pencil.

  • 1560s Borrowdale England - graphite mine is discovered (but called black lead, plumbago, etc.)
  • 1675 Nuremburg - Staedtler was making pencils exclusively, and as a joiner (wood cabinet maker), so he was making his own leads
  • 1760 Germany? - Faber
  • 1790 France? - Conte instigates the revolution in pencil making when a restriction in supply from a war in 1790 made him turn the graphite into powder and add it to "potter's clay and water", which was shaped and fired like clay; Conte had experience making ceramic graphite crucibles for lead cannon balls; today it's called the Conte crayon, but then it was called ceramic lead. Germany never took up this method, and fell behind.
  • 1800s American - they're using quill pencils made with a goose quill, a lead bullet, a melting ladle, and a turnip - the quill was cut to length of a couple inches, the end thrust into a turnip and held upright, the bullet melted and poured into the quill ready for use (and the quill was whittled away at increments to reveal the lead?)
  • 1810 America - William Munroe a cabinetmaker who makes pencils uses a slurry but not exactly Conte style because it wasn't baked. 
  • 1821 Briton New Hampshire - a graphite mine is discovered
  • 1830s Concord Mass - Henry David Thoreau's dad John ran one of America's first pencil companies making graphite and clay pencils, but by 1853 they were making more money selling their ground graphite for electrotyping and gave up on pencils.
  • 1843 - a Thomas Telford grounds graphite, mixes with water, and pressurized to reform as natural graphite, but it was too expensive.
  • 1857 Jersey City Dixon Crucible Co. - Dixon was at it since 1820, but the crucibles made to melt and mold cannonballs for the Mexican America War were of graphite, and Dixon had so much because his dad owned a shipping company that called in Ceylon, where a graphite mine was, and where they straight used the graphite as ballast in the ship, so he set up shop for the War; at this time, some Dixon advertising materials compare their product against fraudulent Germans pretending to make their pencils in America said Dixon used "purely American principles" where "every manipulation is by machinery instead of by hand labor; producing perfection and absolute conformity." (Makes me think of the American food system though.)
  • 1851 World's Fair Great Exhibition at the Crystal Palace in London - this changed a lot of things
  • 1856 Siberia - AW Faber, who was failing by 1850s due to lack of good graphite, finds a graphite mine in Siberia, and by 1896 a Faber granddaughter marries a Castell and the company becomes Faber-Castell; note that by 1849 Faber was represented in the US, w a factory by 1861, which caught fire, moved to Brooklyn 1872, then to Wilkes-Barre PA 1956.
  • 1870 Germany - JS Staedtler's red conte crayon pencil made since 1851 gets popular, but by 1912 Staedtler is sold by a grandson named Kreutzer
  • 1873 Ticonderoga New York - Dixon buys the American Graphite Company in Ticonderoga New York, and is making real and good pencils; and continues to do so until 1980 when the buildings are sold to developers; the business remains, headquartered in Florida and w facilities all over.
  • 1900s Japan - They have an entire pencil industry by then.

  • ***There is a great passage here, "Where Did the Graphite from Borrowdale Go?" AKA "Black Entropy" - The plumbago from Borrowdale had certainly been absorbed into the universe at large over the three centuries since it had been discovered: being blown in dust from all the sawing and rubbing, being deposited on the furniture of pencil factories and on the hands and clothes of their workers, being carried in fabricated veins of lead in millions upon millions of wood-cased pencils made and exported around the world, being buried with the stubs of pencils no one wanted to hold onto, being laid down in notes in the margin of books like trail markers through forests of thought, being redeposited in thin lines of thoughts and images on countless sheets of paper, being twisted and crushed in the lines of crumpled manuscripts and sketches, being burned with the thoughts and images no one wanted, or no one wanted to remember or build. So by the mid-1800s what had once been the world's purest source of plumbago was essentially worked out and had been diffused throughout the world in a three-centuries long fit of black entropy. (p140)

  • ***1860s - Erasers are already on pencils, but it was used, and named, by the 1770s, for "rubbing" out black lead (graphite); and by 1900s erasers got so popular that people got paranoid about their marks on paper being erased either accidentally or intentionally, that there were recipes for fixing the graphite, one with skim milk; further: a Dixon catalog early 1900s has a paragraph about erasing in schools, called "The Philosophy of Rubber", about how having an eraser changes the way students think [perhaps a perennial example of our initial interfaces with new technology]. 

  • Erasers on pencils were and are not popular in Europe
  • Until 1880, European pencils had square lead. 
  • There's a war between whittling and rotary sharpeners, and square and round leads; of course we see the rounds win. But people were real into their whittling; the paper wrapped pencil, an alternative to using wood, never took off because people wanted to whittle. 
  • 1890 - The yellow pencil is made to match the Austria-Hungary flag, but also in reference to the Orient where the Siberian graphite was coming from; by 1950s America, yellow and pencil go so well together, there's an apocryphal story of a manager distributing half green and half yellow pencils to his thousands of employees, and getting far more complaints about the green pencils ... because we are basically brainwashed at this point, and he, Petroski, poetically calls it psychosomatic (p163)

  • Pine was used for the cheapest pencils, then Red Cedar, then Florida Keys Cedar for the finest; wood was chosen for its strength, freedom from warpage, and smooth cutting qualities.
  • English closet chest makers in 1700 got red cedar from Virginia and Florida
  • Incense red cedar from California works, but it's white not red, so it's dyed, and impregnated with cedar oil for fragrance, and a wax for better handling in production.
  • There is also a wood from India that is dyed violet. 

  • There's a good illustration on p223 with the author saying the pencil drawings are so wrong they couldn't be produced "by a drunken machinist on a rubber lathe".

  • BOPPS - Broken off pencil points
  • The diameter of the leads are thinner as they get harder to adjust for breakage at the point.
  • A 1600s teacher was whittling goose quills for their students before class.
  • People saved their pencil shavings to drive a way moths.
  • There's a Sherlock Holmes bit where he used his knowledge of pencils to deduce a suspect. 
  • Colored leads have more wax and less clay, and so aren't baked as hard, and break easily; and colored leads, which often were broken in the wooden shaft, tended to leave loose pieces in the machine to revolve with the cutters and prevent another pencil from being sharpened (bane of my existence as an art teacher).
  • There was a pencil made from the wood of a preserved tree near a mastadon in a marl bed in Orange County, the pencil's knob made from the mastadon's tooth. 
  • Some novelty pencils were made with companion toothpicks or earspoons
  • Mechanical pencil names circa 1930s and 40s - Eversharp, Scripto, Autopoint
  • The first Russian pencil was the Diamond by Hammer
  • By the 1900s the British call pencil leads pencil strips
  • There is a standard for pencil manufacturing - R-151-34
  • On Dec 8 1941, the Eagle Mikado became the Mirado.
  • They spun a drum of paper against a pencil to see how "far" it goes (35 miles)
  • There's Blackfoot Indian made pencils, by hand, in 1971
  • Pencil workers could reach into a pile and grab exactly 12 pencils, every time, and that's something a machine can't do in one motion.
  • Hemmingway "wearing down sever number 2 pencils is a good day's work"
  • Pencils are general word processors, Byte magazine
  • "The very commonness of the pencil, the characteristic of it that renders it all but invisible, and seemingly valueless, is really the first feature of successful engineering." p343
  • The die for extruding graphite is made of sapphire.
  • Author says he's tried, and it's hard finding old pencils, but pencil collector societies do exist. 
  • Butchers used ribbed pencils in their slippery hands, and Kosher butchers pig-free pencil products. 

  • [Personal thoughts] Every industry is secretive. And because trees are so integral to so many industries, they too are secretive, and a young student first learning about trees would notice it strange how little people know about trees, including experts. But after reading this book it makes more sense. From pencil makers to cabinet makers, to the wood for ships, or for buildings, or basically anything, suppliers know how to get the wood you wanted but they would not tell you how they grow, or where they grow. One way they kept secrets, in pencil making at least, was to keep the process in subdivisions, but so no subdivision knew more than its part, and only family knew "the whole" put together. p281

Image credit: Christopher Payne - Christopher Aparicio unpacking crucibles after heating graphite cores in an oven General Pencil Jersey City NJ - 2017

Wednesday, July 15, 2026

Larnier on Tech as People


There's still some interesting people out there worth listening to. Jaron Lanier is interesting, and he came out to give a talk to the graduating class at Brown. This is the same year a lot of tech bros got booed for their fellating ai onstage in front of a bunch of young people. Some might consider Lanier a tech bro, but that would be mostly wrong. He's tech for sure, but bro less. Maybe a bro whisperer. So when he gives talk about AI, you're likely to hear some out-there sh**.

Key Points from Jaron Lanier's "AI and Theory" at Brown University Graduation, April 2026:

  • AI isn't a thing, it's a collaboration of people; if it's revolutionary, it's because it allows people to collaborate in a new way; he says the history of science is about new ways for people to collaborate (printing press, royal societies, peer review)
  • Every piece of data in the training set is also a person; because a person made it. Actually he didn't explicitly say this, he glossed right past it, but I think it needs more emphasis to make his bigger point, and I think it's one of the more important ideas in general when talking about AI. 
  • Information is not some intangible non-physical ethereal thing. Information is physical. It requires energy and dissipates heat.
  • It sounds like the main technical idea he's offering is Counterfactual Cluster Generation (aka "data dignity"), and it's how another layer can monitor and evaluate output. He gives an example of a person looking for a bomb recipe, and how an LLM should be able to identify that providing bomb recipes isn't cool.
  • Things I wish he said: Science is about predicting the future, but facts require a past; he was answering a question from the audience on the difference, and I wish he said this because it's the easiest way to say it.
  • Tunes at 1:30 btw, he's a musician and plays rare and ancient instruments.

Image credit: The Memex by Vannevar Bush 1945 - via Tommaso Venturini talk on the Memeplex for Oxford Internet Institute - 2025

Larnier uses this image in his talk, during a passage about Norbert Wiener's Human Use of Human Beings 1950, and how it's a difficult but interesting read. He mentions that Weiner talks about how terrible it would be if we had a radio we carried with us everywhere we go that beeped and zapped us based on our behavior and how such a machine would destroy humanity, but how that mind-controlling machine sure sounds like social media to the early 21st century reader. I forget exactly why this image came up, but it must have been making its rounds, because I had just recently saw it in a different talk at the Oxford Internet Institute

Tuesday, July 14, 2026

Chances Are It's Not Majorana Fermions


Mentions of Majorana fermions don't happen often. They're exceptional, but elusive. In fact, they're so exceptional, that anyone who says they found one gets insta-hype. But they're so elusive that most people who say they found one are in fact lying.

For example, IBM says they found them. That was a lie. In fairness, the scientists are not lying in the absolute sense, they're excited and thus biased, because they think they found the holy grail of quantum computing. Companies, on the other hand, don't care so much about scientific integrity, and will make announcements with no intent to vet their veracity. The bigger the potential stock price increase, the less vetting. And so every few years, we get an announcement, usually by IBM, that they found the Majorana fermion, followed by a stock price increase, and then followed, usually much later, like years later, by a retraction, as in this case: Zhang, H., Liu, CX., Gazibegovic, S. et al. Retraction Note: Quantized Majorana conductance. Nature 591, E30 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03373-x

In this (unrelated?) case below, not from a starry-eyed tech company, the news goes like this:
They created a classical, room-temperature liquid-crystal system, opening the door to a brand-new field that the scientists call time liquid crystallinity, where fluid-like materials can be organized over time rather than just in space, and that invokes the Majorana spirits. 

Scientists catch classical space-time crystals moving like Majorana quasiparticles
Jun 2026, phys.org

To achieve this, the team took a liquid-crystal material—similar to the fluid used in smartphones and television screens—and doped it with ionic substances. They then applied a rhythmic, repeating electrical signal to the fluid. But that caused period doubling, driven by the motion of tiny, localized structures in the fluid called topological solitons and disclinations. 

These shifting states behave exactly like the particle-antiparticle pairs of Majorana particles, a famous, elusive class of quantum particles that are their own antiparticles. In this system, they serve as a classical, real-world analog of these quantum objects.

Time Liquid Crystallinity - where fluid-like materials can be organized over time rather than just in space

via Hiroshima University and University of Colorado: Hanqing Zhao et al, Emergent discrete space-time crystal of Majorana-like quasiparticles in chiral liquid crystals, Nature Communications (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-70880-8

Totally Unrelated Image credit: Anomalous Galaxy Grid
--Source: Identifying astrophysical anomalies in 99.6 million source cutouts from the Hubble legacy archive using AnomalyMatch. David O’Ryan and Pablo Gómez. A&A, 704 (2025) A227. DOI: 

Monday, July 13, 2026

Musical Intermentality


Starting off here with an article that might not be about music proper, but it is about sounds and perception. Some people are hyperperceptive, some dull as a rock - anesthetic you could call it. Everyone else just thinks their house is haunted. 

You can't hear it, yet this sound may explain paranormal experiences
Apr 2026, phys.org

Infrasound is very low-frequency sound, below 20 Hertz (Hz), which humans typically can't hear. It can come from natural sources like storms, or from anthropogenic sources like traffic.

The scientists recruited 36 participants and invited them to sit alone in a room while either calming or unsettling music was played. For half the participants, hidden subwoofers played infrasound at 18 Hz. After listening, they were asked to report their feelings, their emotional rating of the music, and whether they thought the infrasound was present. They also gave saliva samples before and after listening.

The scientists found that participants' salivary cortisol levels were higher if they had been listening to infrasound. These participants also reported feeling more irritable and less interested, and thinking the music was sadder. But they couldn't tell they were listening to infrasound.

via MacEwan University: Infrasound Exposure is Linked to Aversive Responding, Negative Appraisal, and Elevated Salivary Cortisol in Humans, Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience (2026). DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1729876

Image credit: Photographer Christopher Payne - Jelly Belly Fairfield CA - 2021


Popular song lyrics have become more negative since 1973, analysis reveals
Dec 2025, phys.org

Researchers analyzed the lyrics of the top 100 most popular English-language songs in the United States each week between 1973 and 2023 (20,186 songs), according to the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The authors found that, in general, the lyrics of popular songs have become simpler and more negative over time and contain more stress-related words.

However, they also found that the popularity of songs with more complex lyrics began to increase from 2016 onward and suggest that further research is needed to investigate the reasons for this.

When assessing potential factors influencing changes in listener lyric preferences, the authors did not identify associations with changes in median household income since 1973, but did identify some associations with major stressful events — such as the September 11, 2001, attacks and the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

These events were associated with lyrics becoming more complex and positive and containing fewer stress-related words, or with no significant changes in lyrics. The authors suggest that this could be due to more positive and complex music being used as a form of escapism during stressful periods.

via University of Vienna: Maurício Martins, Societal crises disrupt long-term increases in stress, negativity, and simplicity in US Billboard song lyrics from 1973 to 2023, Scientific Reports (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-28327-5.


Why some tunes stick: Mathematical symmetry helps explain catchy melodies
Feb 2026, phys.org

They simplified melodies into their essential note groups and examined how common musical changes affect 2 kinds structure - tonal and positional structure. These changes include transposition, which shifts a melody up or down; inversion, which flips it; retrograde, which reverses it; and translation, which moves it through time.

Their analysis revealed symmetrical relationships in many melodies that help explain why certain musical phrases feel cohesive and complete.

via University of Waterloo: Olga Ibragimova et al, Algebraic Applications in Investigation of Musical Symmetry, Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics (2025). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-84869-8_5


From virtue to vice: How the morality of popular music lyrics has changed since the 1960s
Jun 2026, phys.org

The study examined two large popular music data sets spanning more than 60 years, making it the first study to chart moral content in song lyrics at this scale: more than 377,000 English-language songs covering 1960 to 2010 were filtered from the WASABI data set and complemented with 5,500 songs that made Billboard's year-end charts between 1960 and 2023.

Their analysis revealed a rise in expressions associated with moral vices such as harm, cheating, subversion and degradation, alongside increasing levels of negative sentiment, anger and disgust. At the same time, expressions linked to moral virtues such as care and decency became less prominent.

via Queen Mary University of London Center for Digital Music: Vjosa Preniqi et al, Evolution of moral expression in song lyrics, Scientific Reports (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-53778-9


Pop song lyrics grew more self-focused in the US and Germany over 50 years, research reveals
Jun 2026, phys.org

Researchers have examined the possibility that global society may be becoming more self-centric by measuring how often different pronouns appear in cultural products such as books, movie scripts and lyrics. Compared with first-person plural pronouns, such as "we" and "us," a higher proportion of first-person singular pronouns, such as "I" and "me," can indicate greater self-focus.

(Shouldn't be a surprise to those familiar w the Hofstede's cultural dimensions model)

They found that self-focused language rose significantly between 1970 and 2019 in the U.S. and Germany—two more individualistic countries. Meanwhile, the use of self-focused language was relatively stable over time in the two more collectivist countries, Japan and Hong Kong.

via United Arab Emirates University and U of Aberdeen Scotland: Golubickis M, et al. Are societies becoming more self-centric? Evidence from five decades of popular music spanning three continents, PLOS One (2026). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0349765

*We are not a fan of academic collaborations with the UAE, because they're buying themselves a culture instead of growing it the old fashioned way, and we are old fashioned. 

Fake Snake Oil Makes About Face


If I sell my snake oil as "fake snake oil", does that make it less deceptive? Or to a lesser degree, if my snake oil is so obviously fake that no normal person would misinterpret it as having any value whatsoever, does that make it less deceptive?

Watching the detectors: Researchers probe efficacy — and danger — of AI detection tools
May 2026, phys.org

  • I wonder if ai wrote that title (not one but two em dashes)
  • This is pretty damning on a whole industry that doesn't really work yet but is being forced into the market regardless.
  • The writeup doesn't provide a link to the original article, and I suspect we're all being misled, and I don't mean by this article, I mean by the whole business. 



It only takes one fake web page to fool AI shopping bots, study finds
Jun 2026, phys.org

The researchers built a simulation tool called FORGE (Fake Online Recommendations in Generative Environments) to test 12 to evaluate web content pollution in AI models. They identified the main brand being discussed on selected pages and swapped it for a fake one. They did this for 225 products spanning 15 categories. After rewriting these pages, they tested whether LLMs would fall for the deception and include a fake brand in their recommendations.

"Across 12 commercial and open-weight LLMs, all models are vulnerable: a single polluted page yields fooled rates of up to 27%, while the full top-3 replacement raises this to 73.8%"

via UC Santa Cruz: Minghao Luo et al, One Polluted Page Is Enough: Evaluating Web Content Pollution in Generative Recommenders, arXiv (2026). DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2606.13610


The consequences of relying on AI for accurate news
Jun 2026, phys.org

Participants who relied on AI systems to verify facts actually got worse at detecting misinformation on their own when their chatbots were taken away.

The authors also point out that the original human-created news content used to train the AI models is increasingly unreliable and/or biased, further exacerbating the problem.

Jesus we are f*cked 

via MIT Media Lab: Anku Rani et al, Dialogues with AI Reduce Beliefs in Misinformation but Build No Lasting Discernment Skills, Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2026). DOI: 10.1145/3772318.3790656


Polymarket's viral videos showed people winning big, but the bets were fake
Jun 2026, Ars Technica

“In its push to draw users to its unregulated platform, Polymarket has flooded social media with videos like Makihara’s, which appear genuine at first glance. In reality, Polymarket built near-perfect copies of its website, then instructed creators to make simulated trades on those dummy sites and hide that they were being paid by Polymarket.”

Makihara, a college student, posted a video in January “that showed him winning $100,000 on a wager that President Trump would publicly say the word ‘McDonald’s’ that month.” But trade data showed that no one on Polymarket won such a bet in January, according to the Journal. This was one of 145 bets that Makihara appeared to place on Polymarket between January and May, but all of those bets were fake, the article said.

“Many of the videos share a template: The creators open Polymarket, place a bet, and frequently refer to their winnings as ‘free money.’ Dozens of social-media creators have posted videos with almost identical formats. Polymarket sends creators bullet-point guidance on what to say, according to creators who have worked with the company and a recruiting website.”

via Wall Street Journal investigaiton (of all places)



Sunday, July 12, 2026

Multigenerational Sociological Programming via Acceptance of and Enthusiasm for the Arts and its Propagation Through the Population


Last night I heard Jaron Larnier speculate that had Star Trek been on the air for ten more years, we'd be living in a different world much less akin to the inside of William Gibson's brain. Alas, the campaign below is reminiscent of, actually modeled after, attempts by a much younger America to not only communicate to its people about the possibilities of the new nation, but to support worthwhile enterprise and exploration. 


"Like Luke Skywalker's planet "Tatooine" in Star Wars, Kepler-16b orbits a pair of stars. Kepler-16b is a gas giant, like Saturn, so it would have no solid surface to stand on. The view here is of and from an imagined nearby moon. Prospects for life on this unusual world aren't good, as it has a temperature similar to that of dry ice. But the discovery indicates that the movie's iconic double-sunset is anything but science fiction." Credit: Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech science.nasa.gov/resource/where-your-shadow-always-has-company/

'Greetings from 51 Pegasi b': How NASA made exoplanets into tourist destinations
Aug 2025, phys.org

In 2015, NASA launched an unusual and brilliant exoplanet outreach campaign, offering retro-style posters, virtual guided tours, and even coloring books. The project quickly went viral worldwide. What explains the success of a campaign about a relatively young field of science that — unlike other areas of space research — lacks spectacular imagery?

Ceridwen Dovey, science communicator, writer, filmmaker, and researcher, has just published in the Journal of Science Communication a Practice Insight paper that presents a case study focusing on the Exoplanet Travel Bureau's poster campaign. Dovey describes the productive working relationships between scientists and artists that produced this standout work and shows how, in contexts like this, artists are not merely in service to science but can also inspire research itself and help scientists clarify their own thinking.

First, the available visuals: "We live in an age of extraordinary astronomical imagery — the Hubble telescope's stunning images, for instance — that everybody knows well for their beauty, color and precision," explains Dovey. "But with exoplanet science imagery, at the moment there's really not very much to see — and this is a known challenge for the communication of exoplanetary science to the general public."

"The team at the Exoplanet Travel Bureau chose to use 1930s retro-nostalgic image styles inspired by the lovely posters of National Parks like Yosemite created by the Works Progress Administration. Those campaigns sought in part to provide work after the Depression and to attract tourists to iconic national parks like Yellowstone. These posters aimed to evoke the romance of visiting these places and the kinds of nature encounters that would be possible there," explains Dovey.

Joby Harris and his team decided to create a series of posters imagining exoplanets as if they were just around the corner—your next vacation destination. A playful way to encourage the public to imagine them as real places, drawing on the aesthetics and imagery of the historic series of U.S. national park posters. However, an important issue immediately arose during the discussions between artists and scientists.

Saturday, July 11, 2026

Neologistic Supremacy


Holographic light engine boosts tissue-like 3D printing efficiency by 70 times
May 2026, phys.org

Holographic Light Engines - 150-mW laser diode for tomographic volumetric additive manufacturing system to solidify entire millimeter-scale objects within seconds, and centimeter-scale objects within minutes

via EPFL's Laboratory of Applied Photonic Devices: Maria Isabel Álvarez-Castaño et al, High-efficiency multi-scale holographic volumetric 3D printing with a phase light modulator, Light: Science & Applications (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02331-4



Laser-powered engines may soon support 'intelligent' 6G networks
May 2026, phys.org

Light Engines, aka Photonic Engine - lasers that can transfer large amounts of data over long distances by emitting high-quality white light

via University of Technology in Guangzhou: Tailoring quasi-transparent ceramic as a laser-driven photonic engine for kilometer-level white light communication, Matter (2026). DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2026.102822.


New kind of dark tourism emerging in online 'Backrooms,' study shows
May 2026, phys.org

Para-Terrestrial Dark Tourism - encounters with environments that feel place-like yet sit beyond conventional geography because they exist entirely online. ...

This comes at the time of the release of the movie Backrooms, about these kinds of spaces. ... I'm lost actually. The paper is like 3 paragraphs long, and although they use the word Žižekian, which is cool, what's written is almost complete gobbledegook. I still, by the end of the paper, have no idea what they're talking about, even the original rationale of the paper...like how much can we talk about a default page on mario paint and what it means to the cultural zeitgeist? They made a whole movie about it so I guess it's important. Right, because movies are still important. Wrong, the whole world is one big advertisement to manipulate us into buying The Way. And if you want to learn more about how the international academic community is co-opted by fake publishing houses, please learn more here: DEF CON 26 - Svea, Suggy, Till - Inside the Fake Science Factory - 2018 [link] ; OmniScript [wiki link

via Lancaster University Management School: Sophie James et al, When dark tourism goes para-terrestrial: Online legend-tripping and touring the void, Annals of Tourism Research (2026). DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2026.104172


Unlocking soft robotics control with AI's cousin: Reservoir computing
May 2026, phys.org

Soft Robotics - made with a combination of soft materials and novel controls, soft robotics have a greater range of motion and more fluidity and flexibility than traditional rigid robotics.

Neural Reservoir - researchers input data about the movement of virtual soft robots, set parameters for what they expected to happen, ran virtual trials, and then analyzed the results. ... they created virtual models of different variations of movement and tested how they behaved. When they fed those results back into the system, a new model for the behavior of a soft robotic arm began to emerge—along with a new approach to the most effective way to control the arm.

via Virginia Tech: Noel Naughton et al, Neural reservoir control of a bio-hybrid soft arm, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2026). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2522094123


Introducing Weather Jiu-Jitsu, a new approach to avert catastrophic weather events
Jun 2026, phys.org

Weather Jiu-Jitsu - small adjustments that carefully leverage the atmosphere's sensitivity to disturbance could avert the worst effects of weather disasters ... Their modeling suggested that small, carefully timed cloud-seeding operations applied days before the peak of an extreme weather event could have shifted the track of 2012's Hurricane Sandy by about 300 miles (480 kilometers) to miss New York City, raised the low temperature of the 2021 Texas freeze by about 18 degrees Fahrenheit and reduced the amount of precipitation carried by a 2022 atmospheric river that caused flooding in California by about 5%.

via Arizone State: Huang Q, et al. Weather Jiu-Jitsu: Prospects for atmospheric nudging to defuse the impact of catastrophic weather extremes. PLOS Water (2026). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pwat.0000562

Friday, July 10, 2026

Cyborg Cockroaches Are Coming To Take Our Jobs


Just kidding, they're actually a stand-in for humans, until we perfect the technology, and normalize the idea of having your frontal cortex severed and replaced with a fork of one of the couple thousand richest people in the world, who will be the only ones allowed to have their frontal cortex scaled up to serve the rest of the population. 

How do you look at this and not think about the guy in Metallica's "One"

I can't remember anything
Can't tell if this is true or a dream
Deep down inside, I feel to scream
This terrible silence stops me

[music video link]  

 
This is the native article where you find pictures like these:

AI listens to insect body signals to guide cyborg cockroaches
May 2026, phys.org

"Gentle stimulation" and "low burden stimulation" please make it stop 

via University of Osaka: Chowdhury Mohammad Masum Refat et al, Perception-driven control strategy for bio-intelligent cyborg insect, ROBOMECH Journal (2026). DOI: 10.1186/s40648-026-00344-7



But wait, there's more!


A diving suit for cyborg cockroaches could enhance search-and-rescue operations
Jun 2026, phys.org

For fuck's sake with the goddam cockroaches already

via Nanyang Technological University: Zifu Fan et al, Underwater Suit-Wearing Cyborg Insect Capable of Hours-Long Diving and Terra-Aqua Travel, Nature Communications (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-74235-1

Thursday, July 9, 2026

JPG Fetishists Report Nothing to See Here After Intense Investigation


"Image generated by the editorial team using AI for illustrative purposes"

Not for much longer, but for now, I am compelled, for posterity, to explicitly post this new class of imagery, not as supplementary content for an article, but for itself.

This is the new thing in the world of science writing where the editors, who are writers but not visual artists, are using artificial image generation to create imagery corresponding to their writing work. I imagine there are also visual artists who are artificially generating written content for their imagery. And so on. It changes the way we see things, and the way we think. What used to require collaboration between writers and artists, is now a conversation between the writer and their robot, which is a concentrated version of every artist to ever have their work sucked into the wild west of intellectual property previously known as the Internet. 

The second you look at this, you just know it was done by the writers and not the artists. It has that forced look of a straight-A high school student trying really hard not to let this stupid state-required art class ruin their GPA. Actually, it has the look of the art teacher who helped the straight-A student... . Like how can you be that good at metal reflections and yet not be able to create a decent composition. How can you cram that much symbolic imagery into one image? It's got the typical lack of aesthetic sophistication and visual imagination that defaults to using 1. people (seen in the doctors in consternation), and 2. writing (seen in the question mark) to communicate meaning. This is what that looks like. 

And for those interested, here's the headline for the above image: "One in four doctors believe human preservation and future revival could work, but not without challenges" (one wonders if this was the actual prompt that generated said image).


AI Art - Six new isolated millisecond pulsars discovered with FAST - Image generated by the editorial team using AI for illustrative purposes - 2026 [link]

^Next up. It's standard to talk trash about crappy art here on Network Address, but sometimes we also get impressed. Based on its citation, this is another "image generated by the editorial team using AI for illustrative purposes", but this one is a pretty cool example of how these things can work out.

Wednesday, July 8, 2026

Unsupervised Climate Attack


There are so many angles to the climate topic that it's hard to organize it all. We've got the unraveling of the social fabric due to not being able to congregate in public, not from government overreach mind you, but from the climate itself; we've got the breakdown of the physical infrastructure, not because our country is 250 years old and literally falling apart, but because our bridges, roads, plumbing systems, and electrical grids weren't built to perform in temperatures too far above 100F; and the Great IMO 2020 Debacle, the first great comprehensive climate policy disaster of the 21st Century, which at the current time is almost entirely unknown to the general public, and just grew another head, because it's combined with the AMOC Collapse. 

All that being said, you know you're screwed when the scientists, whose job it is to be neutral and unemotional, start using superlatives because the results they're seeing are so far out, they just can't use that neutral language anymore.


Why an immense marine heatwave off the US west coast has alarmed scientists
May 2026, The Guardian

“I’m out of superlatives”
--University of Arizona scientist in response to high anomaly in the Pacific

And here's another one, for context:

In March, a remarkable land-based heatwave – what one meteorologist called “one of the most astounding global weather events of the century thus far” – sent late winter temperatures soaring more than 30F above seasonal norms to 88F (31C) or warmer in relatively temperate places such as Minnesota, Colorado and Idaho.



Climate change costs lives by breaking down social connection, says study
May 2026, phys.org

This has been happening in real time, definitely for a few years now, likely noticeable since covid, where even the winter events were attempted to be held at least partially outdoors. During that time, you could feel the strain, the pulling of the social fabric, as people were straight-up scared to hang out with their own friends and family. Now, the social strain is still there, but it's happening in reverse. People want to hang out with each other, but they can't. Most people don't own houses where they can invite all their friends. They rely on public space, which is almost exclusively outdoor space. But that space is increasingly immediately dangerous to life and health, because of the weather.* It's gotten to the point that you have to reconsider not just your kid's birthday party, but your cultural identity. As this is written, the United States' 250th celebration of the founding of the nation was supposed to take place on a Saturday, July 4th, but was cancelled, in the nations's capital of Washington DC, and in other significant cities such as Philadelphia, due to the heat. We had been stuck in a one week long heat wave with temperatures in the 100's, and that ended with severe thunderstorms knocking out power to hundreds of thousands. In other words, the 250th celebration of the nation's founding was in fact cancelled to due to climate change. Maybe we will learn the lesson before Labor Day.  *Slight exaggeration, I don't think we use the "immediately dangerous to life and health" (IDLH) designation for temperatures, but if we do, it's around a heat index of 140F; we've got 110-115 now, so another 10-15 years before we see IDLH in our backyard. India and Pakistan saw this already in 2025.

Heat waves and air pollution are pushing people indoors and away from shared public spaces, while interruptions to school and work make it harder to maintain relationships. [At the same time that "loneliness" is declared more dangerous to our health than smoking a pack of cigarettes a day!]

via University of Sydney: Marlee Bower et al, Climate change and social health, Nature Human Behaviour (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02455-y


Television news coverage of climate policy is limited and polarized in the US, study finds
May 202,6 phys.org

Most television news segments about climate change don't cover policy. Researchers focused on 7 major television news networks — ABC, CBS, CNN, Fox, MSNBC, NBC, and PBS — and identified news transcripts from April 2020 to April 2021 that contained the words "climate change" or "global warming" and identified whether each transcript mentioned climate policy and if it did, whether it supported, opposed, or presented a neutral view.

"This means that people might not hear anything about solutions when they hear about the climate crisis in the news. This in turn can shape what they think is normal or popular."

"That is a striking gap, because policy is where solutions live. But when policy is largely missing from coverage, so too are the pathways people can imagine for addressing the problem." [And it's because there is no problem; the richest 2,000 people in the world are getting richer, faster, every day. Why would we need solutions?]

via University of Colorado at Boulder CIRES Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences: Ekaterina Landgren et al, U.S. television news coverage of climate change policy is aggregately balanced but polarized, Environmental Research Communications (2026). DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ae6b10


Climate catch-22: Cleaning up air pollution could speed key Atlantic current decline
May 2026, phys.org

AMOC meets IMO

They ran a total of 80 simulations and looked at what happens across the globe and within specific regions between the years 2015 and 2050 under two key scenarios—one with strong air pollution controls and the other with weak controls.

Results? Cleaner air could be a problem.

Hopefully we already know what this is by now. They call this a Catch-22 (which is pretty nuts that for such a common phenomenon, all we have as a reference is this 1961 satirical war novel, which although it's often mentioned as one of the most significant novels of the 20th century, I'm not sure that I've ever heard people reference the novel itself, only the title.)

via University of California Riverside: Robert J Allen et al, AMOC weakening in response to global and regional reductions in aerosol emissions, Environmental Research: Climate (2026). DOI: 10.1088/2752-5295/ae63ef


Jersey Shore drawbridge closes to boat traffic due to extreme heat
Jun 2026, nj.com

The excessive heat has caused the expansion of some components of the bridge, which prohibits the bridge from opening. The U.S. Coast Guard has been notified and the Department of Transportation is posting warning messages on waterway signage.


Heat wave grips Europe, triggering alerts and disruptions
Jun 2026, DW

High temperatures strongly impacted the French rail network, with risks to overhead power lines and the possibility of tracks expanding in the heat.


Extreme coastal flooding surges worldwide as rising seas rewrite 100-year odds
Jun 2026, phys.org

Coastal flooding events expected only once every 100 years are now, on average, about 12 times more likely to occur. (This comes from Tulane University btw, for those who remember Hurricane Katrina. ...)

via Tulane: Sönke Dangendorf, Human-driven sea-level rise has quadrupled the frequency of coastal sea-level extremes since 1900, Nature Climate Change (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41558-026-02659-0.