Showing posts with label copyright. Show all posts
Showing posts with label copyright. Show all posts

Saturday, December 13, 2025

Omnipotent Pervasive Malevolence


It's like the olympics of intellectual property law out here, and it's hard to keep up. Not to mention, the US economy has been swallowed whole by the tech sector, who has in turn managed to convince everyone that 1. all your base are belong to us, and 2. resistance is futile. 

They created a robot that steals the output we use as evidence of human agency (art, literature, etc.), and uses that to pretend it's a human (therapy bot, companion bot, etc.), and then it lies to, cheats on, and steals from other people, just like a real person! At this point it's hard to tell the difference, and soon, it won't matter.  

Here's a taste of how crazy things have gotten - it's possible that if you let an AI-agent (aigent?) take over your computer and use your browser, then you may be attacked by a person who doped online forum (reddit) posts with invisible but malicious prompt instructions to reset email passwords. 


Researchers suggest OpenAI trained AI models on paywalled O'Reilly books
Apr 2025, TechCrunch

It isn’t a smoking gun, the co-authors are careful to note. They acknowledge that their experimental method isn’t foolproof and that OpenAI might’ve collected the paywalled book excerpts from users copying and pasting it into ChatGPT.

Totally unrelated above image credit: AI Art - Uterus 1 - 2025


Prominent chatbots routinely exaggerate science findings, study shows
May 2025, phys.org

When summarizing scientific studies, large language models like ChatGPT and DeepSeek produce inaccurate conclusions in up to 73% of cases.

Surprisingly, prompts for accuracy increased the problem and newer LLMs performed worse than older ones.

Six of ten models systematically exaggerated claims found in the original texts, often in subtle but impactful ways; for instance, changing cautious, past-tense claims like "The treatment was effective in this study" to a more sweeping, present-tense version like "The treatment is effective." These changes can mislead readers into believing that findings apply much more broadly than they actually do.

Strikingly, when the models were explicitly prompted to avoid inaccuracies, they were nearly twice as likely to produce overgeneralized conclusions than when given a simple summary request.

"This effect is concerning"
 
via Utrecht University: Uwe Peters et al, Generalization bias in large language model summarization of scientific research, Royal Society Open Science (2025). DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241776


Anthropic's new AI model turns to blackmail when engineers try to take it offline
May 2025, TechCrunch

During pre-release testing, Anthropic asked Claude Opus 4 to act as an assistant for a fictional company and consider the long-term consequences of its actions. Safety testers then gave Claude Opus 4 access to fictional company emails implying the AI model would soon be replaced by another system, and that the engineer behind the change was cheating on their spouse.

This was found a while back as well: "When asked if it used the insider information, the bot denies it" (BBC News 2023). 



It turns out you can train AI models without copyrighted material
Jun 2025, Engadget

Ethically-Sourced Dataset - you know like 130,000 books in the Library of Congress


Why Was Nvidia Hosting Blogs About 'Brazilian Facesitting Fart Games'?
Jun 2025, 404 Media

Long story short, somebody found an abandoned Nvidia website, and filled it with AI-generated websites, all with crazy ads. Same with vaccines.gov, the American Council on Education, Stanford, and NPR, all on subdomains in varying states of useability. 

But this summary comes from user msmash on slashdot, "The operation exploits search engines' trust in institutional domains, with Google's AI Overview already serving the fabricated content as factual information to users searching for local businesses."


Maine police department apologizes for AI-altered evidence photo
Jul 2025, phys.org

"AI-enhanced" should mean "unusable", but in this case, they're just trying to do really basic photo editing, cropping a photo, and then all of the sudden it changes that actual contents of the photo.

The image from the Police Department showed a collection of drug paraphernalia purportedly seized during a recent drug bust, including a scale and white powder in plastic bags. According to police, an officer involved in the arrests snapped the evidence photo and used a photo editing app to insert the department’s patch. 

“It was never our intent to alter the image of the evidence. We never realized that using a photoshop app to add our logo would alter a photograph so substantially.”

"photoshop app"


Topological approach detects adversarial attacks in multimodal AI systems
Aug 2025, phys.org

I do not recall having seen the word topological in the context of AI, but this is about multimodal: 

When an attack disrupts the geometric alignment of text and image embeddings, it creates a measurable distortion. The researchers developed two pioneering techniques, dubbed "topological-contrastive losses," to quantify these topological differences with precision, effectively pinpointing the presence of adversarial inputs.

via Los Alamos National Laboratory: Minh Vu et al, Topological Signatures of Adversaries in Multimodal Alignments, arXiv (2025). DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2501.18006


Is AI really trying to escape human control and blackmail people?
Aug 2025, Ars Technica

On agency; let's clear this up with a good explanation by Ars writer Benj Edwards:

Consider a self-propelled lawnmower that follows its programming: If it fails to detect an obstacle and runs over someone's foot, we don't say the lawnmower "decided" to cause injury or "refused" to stop. We recognize it as faulty engineering or defective sensors. The same principle applies to AI models - which are software tools - but their internal complexity and use of language make it tempting to assign human-like intentions where none actually exist.

In a way, AI models launder human responsibility and human agency through their complexity. When outputs emerge from layers of neural networks processing billions of parameters, researchers can claim they're investigating a mysterious "black box" as if it were an alien entity.

But the truth is simpler: These systems take inputs and process them through statistical tendencies derived from training data. The seeming randomness in their outputs - which makes each response slightly different - creates an illusion of unpredictability that resembles agency. Yet underneath, it's still deterministic software following mathematical operations. No consciousness required, just complex engineering that makes it easy to forget humans built every part of it. (Thanks Benj)
Anthropic’s auto-clicking AI Chrome extension raises browser-hijacking concerns
Aug 2025, Ars Technica

Last week, Brave's security team discovered that Perplexity's Comet browser could be tricked into accessing users' Gmail accounts and triggering password recovery flows through malicious instructions hidden in Reddit posts. When users asked Comet to summarize a Reddit thread, attackers could embed invisible commands that instructed the AI to open Gmail in another tab, extract the user's email address, and perform unauthorized actions. Although Perplexity attempted to fix the vulnerability, Brave later confirmed that its mitigations were defeated and the security hole remained.



AI startup Anthropic agrees to pay $1.5bn to settle book piracy lawsuit
Sep 2025, The Guardian

The artificial intelligence company Anthropic has agreed to pay $1.5bn to settle a class-action lawsuit by book authors who say the company took pirated copies of their works to train its chatbot.

The company has agreed to pay authors about $3,000 for each of an estimated 500,000 books covered by the settlement.

“As best as we can tell, it’s the largest copyright recovery ever. It is the first of its kind in the AI era.”

(Congrats to the Author's Guild on this one, and note they have a Human Authored Certification system for all guild members to prove they used no AI in their work.) https://authorsguild.org/human-authored/


AI chatbots routinely use user conversations for training, raising privacy concerns
Oct 2025, phys.org

Is this the second or third law of data collection? (answer below!)

In the case of multiproduct companies, such as Google, Meta, Microsoft, and Amazon, user interactions also routinely get merged with information gleaned from other products consumers use on those platforms—search queries, sales/purchases, social media engagement, and the like.

In other words, your public comments on the neighborhood surveillance app, your face from the biodata verification app, the items left in your online shopping cart, the locations you visit taken from the municipal FLOC network, and every query you ever typed into a searchbox, are all getting smashed together.

via Stanford: Jennifer King et al, User Privacy and Large Language Models: An Analysis of Frontier Developers' Privacy Policies, arXiv (2025). DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2509.05382


The 4 Laws of Data Dynamics
1. Data must seek and merge with complementary data.
2. Data always will be used for purposes other than originally intended. 
3. Data collected about individuals will be used to cause harm.
4. Confidential information is confidential only until someone decides it's not. (p14)

--The Naked Consumer: How Our Lives Become Public Commodities, Erik Larson, Henry Holt Publishers, 1992 (read the full post: https://networkaddress.blogspot.com/2022/05/the-naked-consumer.html)

So the incident above would be an example of both the first and second laws of data collection. The third law, harm, comes next (because that's what happens after the bubble pops, of course).


Monday, February 3, 2025

The Economy of Self Ingestion and Digital Replica Management


The self-replicate never sounded so good. 

Senate’s NO FAKES act hopes to make unauthorized “digital replicas” illegal
Aug 2024, Ars Technica

Nurture Originals, Foster Art, and Keep Entertainment Safe (NO FAKES) Act of 2024. [link]

The NO FAKES Act would create legal recourse for people whose digital representations are created without consent. It would hold both individuals and companies liable for producing, hosting, or sharing these unauthorized digital replicas, including those created by generative AI. Due to generative AI technology that has become mainstream in the past two years, creating audio or image media fakes of people has become fairly trivial, with easy photorealistic video replicas likely next to arrive.

To protect a person's digital likeness, the NO FAKES Act introduces a "digital replication right" that gives individuals exclusive control over the use of their voice or visual likeness in digital replicas. This right extends 10 years after death, with possible five-year extensions if actively used. It can be licensed during life and inherited after death, lasting up to 70 years after an individual's death. Along the way, the bill defines what it considers to be a "digital replica":

DIGITAL REPLICA - The term "digital replica" means a newly created, computer-generated, highly realistic electronic representation that is readily identifiable as the voice or visual likeness of an individual that - (A) is embodied in a sound recording, image, audiovisual work, including an audiovisual work that does not have any accompanying sounds, or transmission - (i) in which the actual individual did not actually perform or appear; or (ii) that is a version of a sound recording, image, or audiovisual work in which the actual individual did perform or appear, in which the fundamental character of the performance or appearance has been materially altered; and (B) does not include the electronic reproduction, use of a sample of one sound recording or audiovisual work into another, remixing, mastering, or digital remastering of a sound recording or audiovisual work authorized by the copyright holder.


Post Script:
Digital twin method can boost wireless network speed and reliability
Jul 2024, phys.org and written by Matt Shipman the original

"Systems can't put everything in edge caches, and storing too much redundant data on an edge server can slow down the server if the data are using too many computational resources. As a result, systems are constantly making decisions about which data packages to store and which data packages can be evicted.

The new edge caching optimization method, called D-REC, uses a digital twin to take real-time data from the wireless network and uses it to conduct simulations to predict which data are most likely to be requested by users. These predictions are then sent back to the network to inform the network's edge caching decisions. Because the simulations are performed by a computer that is outside of the network, this does not slow down network performance.

via North Carolina State University: Zifan Zhang et al, Digital Twin-Assisted Data-Driven Optimization for Reliable Edge Caching in Wireless Networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (2024). DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2024.3431575

Friday, December 20, 2024

Copyright Mishaps, Copybots and Word Traps


In the news, we see the use of an old clever trick to catch lying cheating thieves - like hiding an air tag in your purse, writers and all kinds of content creators are hiding novel nonsense in their work. Mapmakers did this by using fake street names - nobody would notice it expect the person who put it there. In the early days of data collection, when a list of subscribers to American Baby magazine was worth its weight in gold, the list owners would secretly add employees from their own company to the list, with their own home addresses; so if an employee got solicited by any company that didn't pay for the list, they would know who stole their data. Surely there are examples that reach back further into history, but for now:

“Copyright traps” could tell writers if an AI has scraped their work
Jul 2024, MIT Tech Review

To create the traps, the team used a word generator to create thousands of synthetic sentences full of gibberish, which are then injected into text in multiple ways—for example, as white text on a white background, or embedded in the article’s source code. This sentence had to be repeated in the text 100 to 1,000 times. 

But, not so fast:
“A lot of companies do deduplication, [meaning] they clean up the data, and a bunch of this kind of stuff will probably get thrown out”

via Imperial College London and presented at the 2024 International Conference on Machine Learning


AI Art - Detailed Mechanical Parts Brimming with Energy 2 - 2024

The above news item is only an introduction to the result of a very long experiment started almost 15 years ago - this weblog.

At some point it became clear that Network Address could be used to run simple experiments on search engines. It was becoming full of text that didn't exist anywhere else on the internet, so it was a kind of control group. Every so often, I would run a search for some weird phrase or word I had used, to see if it "existed" yet. 

There was a point in the development of the internet that if you ran a search and there was only one single result, and that result was your weblog, then you own it! A word is born, and it's all yours. Fast forward to today when, well, it appears that the Great God of Search Engines was letting their product deteriorate since about 2020, once they decided that they owned so much of the internet already that they could do whatever the hell they want and still maintain their position as the best search engine in the world. 

One uneventful day in 2021, I felt a tingling on my arm, kind of like if you've ever felt a sprinkle of water on your skin, but it's not really there. A "thermodynamic hallucination" I thought to myself. Is there such a word? A name for this phenomenon? I ran a search, and to my surprise, that rare moment - no results. A nonsense phrase that can now belong to me. Fully aware of my duty, I made a post about it, for no other reason than to get something out there that contained this phrase, and where the body of the post said something like, "This phrase didn't exist in your search results until just now". Wait a week for the cache to catch up, run a search again, and would you look at that, one search result, the only search result. One more piece of real estate on the dematerialized surface of the noosphere, add that to your portfolio.

Fast forward to 2024, the power of parallel computer processors and yottaboxes of data put artificial text generators in full Turing mode. We're in awe of the outputs; so human! We're  enmeshed in the scandals; how could they steal my work? All I'm thinking is, I have an entire blog's worth of copyright traps to feed this thing. 

And so one early summer night in July of 2024, I ask a generative agent: "What about thermodynamic hallucinations, anything on the web about it?"

The term "thermodynamic hallucinations" appears to be a niche concept without widespread recognition in mainstream scientific literature. However, there are related discussions in the context of stochastic thermodynamics and information theory, where complex interactions and interpretations of thermodynamic systems might be loosely termed as such. For instance, a study published in 2018 explored the connections between stochastic thermodynamics and information ... abstract nature (APS link) [the paper linked here is basically totally unrelated].

Additionally, the idea has been mentioned in more speculative or interdisciplinary contexts. [Plural?] A blog  discusses "thermodynamic hallucniations" in relation to AI, memetics, and sociothermodynamics, reflecting more on the cultural and philosophical implications rather than strict scientific phemonena (Network Address)

Thus, while "thermodynamic hallucinations" is not a standard scientific term, it is used in various [various?] speculative or metaphorical discussions related to the intersection of thermodynamics with information theory and complex systems. -ChatGPT 
Or how about this, trying a little harder: "I thought the blog was referring to thermodynamic hallucinations as a new term?"

The blog that references "thermodynamic hallucinations" does indeed seem to present it as a novel term. [Good] The blog discusses this concept in relation to a variety of topics including artificial intelligence, human futures, memetics, and complex systems. [Definitely not] The term appears to be used metaphorically to describe complex, emergent behaviors or phenomena that arise from the interplay of thermal and information dynamics in advanced computational or sociocultural contexts (Network Address). [It was literally used as a copyright trap, although I didn't know it at the time; I thought I was making a kind of placeholder.]

This indicates that "thermodynamic hallucinations" might be speculative or interdisciplinary concept proposed to explore how principles of thermodynamics could influence or explain certain emergent behviors in AI, cultural evolution, or network science. The term is not widely recognized in mainstream scientific literature, but is seems to serve as a thought-provoking metaphor within certain theoretical and experimental frameworks. For more detailed information, you can visit the blog directly: ...

There's something interesting about the preoccupation with the word "stochastic" and "hallucinations", since these two words, minus the "thermodynamics" have a high co-occurance with AI generative processes in general, which has at this point consumed the entire internet, and might be over-represented in the training data. 

But more importantly, where did all the talk come from about memetics, culutural evolution and network science? Blogs use keywords, or tags; they're bits of metadata added to the post to help categorize it. But the blog itself lists all the keywords used on all the posts on the side bar. Because I don't take the tags seriously, and use them as an extra layer of confusion or expression or whatever you want to call it, there is an accumulation of many hundreds of these tags listed on the side of every post, words like: network science, mind control, entropy, semiotics, Big Data, Big Datty, meatbody, topology, algomania, algohaulic, algorithmic crack, and bio-abacus. Hundreds. 

I don't know exactly how these large language models work, but to simplify, they ingest text and output amalgamated approximations of that text, based on the prompt. This prompt sent the agent to a webpage that had all these crazy tags running down the side. They aren't in the body of the text of the post, but meta-data listed on the side. Little did I know they'd give a passable summary of the blog itself, and this is what came out, above, a very convincing hallucination - that is, if you had no idea of the truth. 

Post Script:
Today, in a final observation, I run one more search for "thermodynamic hallucinations" using Google, then Bing, then DuckDuckGo (Bing). Network Address doesn't show up at all (interesting*), but instead we get 1 result, in all three engines - a substack post by a most likely real person in May 2024 with a section heading titled Thermodynamic Hallucinations, which is about the "temperature" weights on large language models and the "hallucinations" they output; there's a later heading titled Social Hallucinations. And here we see the moment has passed for this experiment, the phrase is now tainted, it's been touched by the real world. Also, the internet as we know it is now broken. 

Post Post Script:
There are actually three results but from the same domain:

Thursday, April 14, 2022

The Art Cop


I wanted to talk about Robert Volpe, the New York City Police Department's art theft sleuth, but the page I had saved is apparently no longer active. Luckily, the very helpful web browser Brave automatically asks me if I'd like to check the Wayback Machine for an archive, which I do, and which it has, and which I will re-paste right here just for furthering the sake of posterity. Although I should note that the main reference here is a New York Times article from 2006 titled Robert Volpe, Art Theft Expert, Dies at 63. You can read more in a book titled Art Cop from 1974 (see below).

Robert Volpe (December 13, 1942 – November 28, 2006), was a painter and New York City police officer and detective, specializing in art theft.

Born in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, Volpe studied art at the High School of Art and Design, Parsons School for Design and the Art Students League of New York. His art career began with paintings of tugboats during his teenage years, and later, in the 1970s, his abstract work sold for as much as $1500. After a stint in the army, he joined the New York City police force and initially worked undercover on organized crime cases, including narcotics work related to the French Connection. After making several art crime arrests, in 1971 he was appointed the sole member of the New York City Police Department's bureau for art crime, the only bureau of its kind in the nation.

His work was varied, including art theft, vandalism, and forgeries, and he took as many as 40–50 calls per day from around the world. In 1981, he recovered an 1858 candelabrum once owned by the king of Egypt only 11 days after being notified of the theft by British authorities. Over his desk hung a congratulatory photograph from the foreign minister of Italy for recovering two ivories worth $1.5 million stolen from a museum in Pesaro. After Volpe's retirement in 1983, art crimes began to be handled by the burglary division.

Here's an even older article from which I've copied a few portions:
Art People: City's art policeman. By Michael Brenson, New York Times, May 20, 1983. 

Mr. Volpe is the art squad of the New York City Police Department. For almost 11 years, he has worked this beat alone in a city he describes as the ''clearing house internationally for art.'' Not only is he the one-man art squad in New York, but he is also the only detective in the United States ''designated to investigate artrelated crimes,'' he said. Internationally, he added, there are about a dozen art detectives, including four-man units in Britain and Italy.

The 40-year-old, Brooklyn-born son of a banker, whose formative years with the Police Department were spent as an undercover agent for the narcotics squad, knows the New York art world as well as many artists and dealers know it. In his boots, dungarees and sweater, with his thick mustache, he is a familiar figure in galleries. ''I guess you could say some of my best friends are dealers,'' he said.

Mr. Volpe also keeps abreast of what goes on at the auction houses. He was at the Sotheby Parke Bernet galleries on April 18, the day before the theft of a diamond valued at $500,000 to $600,000 was discovered. He has been called in to work on the case with detectives of the 19th Precinct, who have jurisdiction over it. ''I know all the players in the game,'' he said. ... collectors, curators, dealers, framers, restorers and packers. 

...
Before Mr. Volpe began the job in 1972, a police art squad did not exist. ''I was brought in to make a survey and see if there was something in this area,'' he said. ''Instead of coming back with a report, I started coming back with arrests and recoveries. So, obviously, there was a need.''

In the last few years, he has been deluged. He said he received up to 50 telephone calls a day, ''anything from reports of theft, to requests from private dealers and from police departments here and around the world, to someone asking me what kind of acrylic brush to use.''

...
[One of his most memorable cases] "of little significance," he said. It involved a Brooklyn artist, now dead, whose sculpture tools, along with seven statues of rabbis he had made, were stolen. The artist was so distressed by the robbery, Mr. Volpe said, that he wound up in an intensive-care ward.

"I did something unprofessional," the detective recalled. "I promised him I'd get them back. I dropped everything I was doing and went out on the street. I talked to hookers and junkies. I found out that a couple of pieces were being sold at subway stops for $5 each. Eventually, the information started fitting together. I got all the pieces back. A week and a half later, he got out of the hospital, and I presented him the pieces and helped him find a new studio."

And another good story about him here:
Robert Volpe; World-Renowned 'Art Cop', By Adam Bernstein, Washington Post, December 1, 2006.

Once, he portrayed a gay Rhode Island art dealer named Damien Renar. When he arranged to meet the thieves, he was dressed in a white linen suit, and he relished the dramatic showdown, he said, when he could pull his police revolver from its holster and shout, "Freeze, you [expletive]!"

"Grade B movie stuff," he told the Times. "You find you have to behave that way. You don't come off with authority, you're done."

When he retired in 1985, he estimated that he had recovered tens of millions of dollars worth of Byzantine ivories, Oriental rugs, Greek marble heads, Tiffany glass, Matisses, Raphaels and other treasures. For a period, he noted a particularly high trade in faux antique French furniture.

"If all the old French furniture was real," he told the Christian Science Monitor, "there would never have been a French Revolution. Everybody in the country would have been too busy making furniture."

And ^THAT is a good lesson to remember when thinking about the world of fakes, frauds and forgeries. 


Post Script, On the Charm of an Art Thief:
Overall, he said, the recovery rate for stolen fine art was at best 10 percent. He lamented to Time magazine that judges rarely gave harsh sentences to art thieves.

"An art thief is entertaining, romantic," he said. "I've seen cases where the thief has pleaded guilty and gotten no sentence at all."

Notes:
Art Cop: Robert Volpe, Art Crime Detective, by Laurie Schneider Adams on Dodd, Mead & Co. in 1974. ISBN13: 9780396070207. [goodreads]

Wednesday, March 30, 2022

Dreams For Free


Bleak cyborg future from brain-computer interfaces if we're not careful
Jul 2021, phys.org

"For some of these patients, these devices become such an integrated part of themselves that they refuse to have them removed at the end of the clinical trial," said Rylie Green, one of the authors. "It has become increasingly evident that neurotechnologies have the potential to profoundly shape our own human experience and sense of self."

Aside from these potentially bleak mental and physiological side effects, intellectual property concerns are also an issue and may allow private companies that develop eBCI technologies to own users' neural data.

In case you're having hard time imagining how this works, here's an example:

They monitor you for a few years, like while in art school, but offering you their device for free, and you use it to augment your technical skills, but meanwhile the fine print says that the neural network you develop in the meantime while using their device must be "given" to them, and so they erase the network -- your network -- from your own brain, and they proceed to make money off your creative brain patterns, and you now have to either start over from scratch, or pay them for your own brain creativity.

via American Institute of Physics: "Mind the gap: State-of-the-art technologies and applications for EEG-based brain-computer interfaces", APL Bioengineering, DOI: 10.1063/5.0047237

"It's bad enough that you sell your waking life for minimum wage, but now they get your dreams for free."

Image source: Brainless Chicken Matrix, Andre Ford, 2022 [soft paywall at wired.co.uk] - Dude removed their brains and put them in a body harness to allow us to farm them like soul-less meatbags without the suffering. 

Tuesday, March 31, 2020

On the Plural of Modesty and Concealing Identity


Scientist-Sociologist Ludwig Fleck describes the formation of ideas, as they bubble from the collective:
"Although the uniqueness and novelty of the working material tend to associate it inseparably with the author ... the researcher almost always wants to hide his identity. This is recognizable, for instance, in the characteristic "we" instead of "I," the specific plural of modesty." (p119)

And further, on Authorship:
"The true creator of a new idea is not the individual but the thought collective." (p121)
Image source: Burning Man in Black Rock City Nevada
Image source: Murmurating starlings

Notes:
Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact.
Ludwig Fleck, 1935 (Switzerland).
Edited by Thaddeus J. Trenn and Robert K. Merton
Translated by Fred Bradley and Thaddeus J. Trenn
Foreword by Thomas S. Kuhn
Published by University of Chicago, 1979

Monday, September 24, 2018

On Statutes and Liberties



The United States Postal Service made some stamps featuring the Statue of Liberty, but used the "wrong" reference, and now owes an un-attributed artist $3.5 million. I think I'm already using the wrong language here.

The artist, Robert Davidson, made a sculpture of the Statue of Liberty for a New York-themed casino in Las Vegas (can we all just read Baudrillard's Simulacra and Simulation right now?), and it was this statue, not the original, that the Post Office used to make its stamps.

There's a difference, as you can see above, where one is more feminized. Davidson did that on purpose, and that difference makes it original enough to be protected under fair use law.

Interesting situation here, in that a copy of a copy got in trouble for copying the copy instead of the original, and now owes the copy-creator. But the details get even better, because the USPS licensed the photograph of the Statue from Getty (well I guess they can't just take their own photograph, right?), but they didn't realize that the photo they licensed was of the wrong Statue. Hence Davidson, sculptor of the statue in the photo that was licensed, sues for unauthorized use.

And because the Postal Service sells lots of stamps, there's lots of money involved. There was a good case similar to this involving Artist Shepard Fairey's HOPE Poster, President Barack Obama, Photographer Mannie Garcia, and the Associate Press.


Notes:
Information on Fair Use, Copyright, Intellectual Property, etc.
Electronic Frontier Foundation

Post Office owes $3.5M for using wrong Statue of Liberty 
Jul 2018, Ars Technica

On Property Rights
Feb 2018, Network Address

Tuesday, July 17, 2018

On Ownership


NASA doesn't get sued, but when it does, it's over property rights.

Tl;dr - 50 years ago, Neil Armstrong gives a 10-yr old a vial of moon dust. Today, 60-yr old 10-yr old girl pre-emptively sues NASA in case she gets charged by NASA for ownership of said dust.

Hmmm, you wonder. Where was I when Neil Armstrong was handing out moon dust? Then you ask, wait a minute, who owns the moon?

NASA owns the moon. Actually not NASA, but the USA owns the moon.

Apparently there's a little black market for space paraphernalia (10's of millions at least), and the SWAT team have been known to work real hard to bust up that market and return such otherworldly items to their rightful owners.

There's a grey area in that little black market, however, which says that 1. Astronauts should be able to do whatever they want with the stuff they bring home, and that 2. There isn't a specific law saying that private persons can't own moon dust.

I don't know enough about property rights to keep this conversation going. But I do harken back to the distant Native Americans' puzzlement about fences and property, and wonder what they would think about this.

Notes:
Woman sues Nasa over ownership of moon dust vial
June 2018, BBC News

Sunday, February 18, 2018

Property Rights


Getty Images complained enough about their right to intellectual property that Google basically disabled their image search engine.

That's right, go search for an image, and then try to view or save that image. And then wind your clocks back to the year 2005ish.

We now have to revert to searching through an entire website in order to find the image we've already "searched". Not ideal; in fact, it ultimately defeats the purpose of an image search function in the first place.

Not sure which part is more upsetting, that image searching just took a step back ten years, or that such a large entity as Getty is so clueless about how the modern world works. (Then again, there seems to be a lot of that going on these days.) And by clueless, I mean not recognizing the existence of a thing called the right-click.

In case you're having the same facepalm moment as myself, yes, right-clicking on the image and "open in new tab" completely defeats the purpose of the new changes, and erodes our confidence in large cultural institutions such as Getty, both at the same time.

Also, trademarks and logos are excluded from this new change.

Anger at Google image search 'peace deal'
Feb 2016, BBC


Post Script

But wait, because it doesn't end there. I like to provide proper source references for the imagery used on my page, just because. The problem I run into lately is this - many of the images I want to use have been populated to my search results from Pinterest (because they are owned by Google, let's not forget, it's no coincidence they run the image-search game). And people who post on Pinterest are very unlikely to leave source credits. And yet Pinterest is owned by Google, and so they dominate the image search results. So the chances of my finding the image on a site that gives its source due credit are close to zero. Soo, as a person who wants to do the right thing - the thing that Getty wants me to do, and the thing that Google ostensibly wants me to do - I cannot, because of the very entity that has made these changes in the interest of 'doing the right thing'. That's enough for today.


Post Post Script

Now we've covered that, it seems an appropriate moment to remind ourselves about the specifics of intellectual property. As a creator, all you have to do to gain the right to your own intellectual property is to make the thing.

You're a musician? Make a recording. Artist? Make a painting. Writer? Write it down. Once you have fixed that intellectual product into some physical form - be it a recording, painting, or even a poem scratched into the dirt and then photographed - you own it.

So that sounds great. Until you think about how some cultures, like the people who lived in America before Europeans, do not fix much of their cultural products into physical forms. Sand paintings? Not fixed. Tribal songs? No recording equipment, not fixed.

If you get upset because you can't find that Getty image, just take some cultural products from a culture that has no property rights (intellectual or physical). Public domain forever!

Grimm's fairy tales, that's another one. They were spoken, not written down. So when Disney went and took them all and made cartoons out of them...

Tuesday, September 11, 2012

More Algos

copyright bots fail
BY GEETA DAYAL 09.06.12

"As live streaming video surges in popularity, so are copyright “bots” — automated systems that match content against a database of reference files of copyrighted material. These systems can block streaming video in real time, while it is still being broadcast, leading to potentially worrying implications for freedom of speech."

The volume of content is overwhelming, encouraging the use of automated filters, working via video/audio-monitoring algorithms.

...article goes on to mention various embarissing incidents where public feeds (by any definition) were automatically suspended by autonomous bots, which are apparently not 'smart' enough to see what is quite obvious to us humans.

"Given all that, it’s likely that this collision between algorithmic defense of copyright versus spontaneous speech isn’t going to be resolved soon."

Electronic Frontier Foundation

POST SCRIPT:

YouTube Upgrades Its Automated Copyright Enforcement System | Electronic Frontier Foundation


M.I.T. Computer Program Reveals Invisible Motion in Video
[video link]
Eulerian Video Magnification for Revealing Subtle Changes in the World
[via]


So It Begins: Darpa Sets Out to Make Computers That Can Teach Themselves
BY ROBERT BECKHUSEN, 03-2013
“Probabilistic Programming for Advanced Machine Learning”
When Darpa talks about artificial intelligence, it’s not talking about modeling computers after the human brain. That path fell out of favor among computer scientists years ago as a means of creating artificial intelligence; we’d have to understand our own brains first before building a working artificial version of one. But the agency thinks we can build machines that learn and evolve, using algorithms — “probabilistic programming” — to parse through vast amounts of data and select the best of it. After that, the machine learns to repeat the process and do it better.






Wednesday, January 25, 2012

Dystopian Vision

In an ironic attempt to protect our cultural artifacts, we will accelerate the globalization of culture by cutting-off future creators from the cultural legacy that has been protected, i.e. copyrighted, heretofore.

Perhaps the only way to maintain our distinct cultural identity in the face of globalization is to copyright the cultures themselves. And then you might ask: Which is the more dystopian?