Showing posts with label privacy. Show all posts
Showing posts with label privacy. Show all posts

Friday, June 19, 2026

Surveilling the Pseudonymous


Is your bank keeping your secrets? New study says 'It's complicated'
Oct 2025, phys.org

The researchers analyzed privacy policies from more than 2,000 of the nation's largest banks and found a maze of contradictory, confusing, and overlapping disclosures about how customer information is collected, used, and shared. Nearly half of the banks examined published multiple privacy policies - often with inconsistent statements that make it hard for consumers to know what really happens to their data.

"In many cases, banks claimed they don't share customer data with outside parties in a federally required U.S. Consumer Privacy Notice, yet disclosed such sharing elsewhere or deployed marketing tracking cookies without acknowledgment"

FYI - The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act is a federal law requiring financial institutions to tell customers in a concise two-page notice how they share personal information and safeguard it.

via University of Michigan: Lu Xian et al, Layered, Overlapping, and Inconsistent: A Large-Scale Analysis of the Multiple Privacy Policies and Controls of U.S. Banks, arXiv (2025). DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2507.05415



Facebook to stop targeting ads at UK woman after legal fight
Mar 2025, BBC News

Public Service Announcement - this woman does not live in the United States, so don't get any ideas; this is based on GDPR which is a UK thing.

Facebook has agreed to stop targeting adverts at an individual user using personal data after she filed a lawsuit against its parent company, tech giant Meta. ... a "gateway" for other people wanting to stop the social media company from serving them adverts based on their demographics and interests.

"I knew that this kind of predatory, invasive advertising is actually something that we all have a legal right to object to."

It was when she found out she was pregnant in 2017 that she realised the extent to which Facebook was targeting adverts at her. She said the adverts she got "suddenly started changing within weeks to lots of baby photos and other things - ads about babies and pregnancy and motherhood". "I just found it unnerving - this was before I'd even told people in my private life, and yet Facebook had already determined that I was pregnant," she continued.

(This goes back to stories about Target from way earlier, 2011 even.)

Ms O'Carroll said that Meta had agreed to stop using her personal data for direct marketing purposes. She said that she did not want to stop using Facebook, saying that it is "filled with all of those connections and family and friends, and entire chapters of my life".


Facebook and Instagram have a subscription service in most of Europe, where users can pay monthly so that they don't get ads on the platform.


How AI could end online anonymity
Mar 2026, phys.org

First, the AI reads through a user's post history on either Reddit or Hacker News, examining unstructured text. This is raw, unorganized information like comments, jokes, education, and subtle writing quirks. It then turned this micro-data into a mathematical representation of the person's profile to find candidate matches across millions of other profiles on the open web or on separate sites like LinkedIn.

They successfully linked accounts with up to 67% accuracy at 90% precision, costing only $1 to $4 in computing power per account successfully linked.

"Pseudonymity does not provide meaningful protection online. Users who post under persistent usernames should assume that adversaries can link their accounts to real identities or to each other, and that the probability rises with each piece of micro-data they post."

via ETH Zurich: Simon Lermen et al, Large-scale online deanonymization with LLMs, arXiv (2026). DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2602.16800


Your car's tire sensors could be used to track you
Feb 2026, phys.org 

From the article itself: Although not providing the exact location of the tire or the car, researchers have discovered that most TPMS sensors transmit a unique identifier in clear text that never changes during the lifetime of the tire. ... malicious actors could easily scale their efforts to track several thousands of cars, given that we observed at least 20k cars during our measurements. Our results show that TPMS transmissions can be used to systematically infer potentially sensitive information such as the presence, type, weight, or driving pattern of the driver.

via IMDEA Networks Institute: Can't Hide Your Stride: Inferring Car Movement Patterns from Passive TPMS Measurements [pdf]

Further Reading, because we already knew about this back in 2007:
  • I. Rouf, R. Miller, H. Mustafa, T. Taylor, S. Oh, W. Xu, M. Gruteser, W. Trappe, I. Seskar, Security and privacy vulnerabilities of in-car wireless networks: A tire pressure monitoring system case study, in: 19th USENIX Security Symposium, USENIX Association, Washington, DC, USA, 2010, pp. 323–338.
  • S. Velupillai, L. Guvenc, Tire pressure monitoring [applications of control], IEEE Control systems magazine 27 (6) (2007) 22–25.
  • FCC, OET List Exhibits Report ID: MRXFG2R4MA (2011). 

Public Service Announcement: Can you spot the difference between these two urls?



^Anytime you see "%20" in a url, it's probably a mistake; it's what happens when you paste a truncated url (where either you or your smart-auto-assistant put a line break in the middle because it was too long) and then you go and paste that url, with the line breaks, into the search bar; anywhere there's a line break, the computer puts %20's instead. Take them out and it still works. 


Post Script on Anti Surveillance:
Graffiti framework lets people personalize online social spaces while staying connected with others
Oct 2025, phys.org

It's an app called Graffiti (I hate all these names being such generic terms that could be referring to something else; like why would you call your company Company, or your restaurant Breakfast?) - the app makes building personalized social applications easier, while allowing users to migrate between multiple applications without losing their friends or data. ... the purpose is to lower the barrier to creating personalized social applications and to enable those personalized applications to interoperate without requiring permission from developers.

The open, interoperable nature of Graffiti means no one entity has the power to set a moderation policy for the entire platform.

"The system lets each person pick their own moderators, avoiding the one-sized-fits-all approach to moderation taken by the major social platforms"

To avoid context collapse (your Tindr profile showing up on LinkedIn), the researchers designed Graffiti so all content is organized into distinct channels. Channels are flexible and can represent a variety of contexts, such as people, applications, locations, etc.

via MIT CSAIL Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory: Theia Henderson et al, Graffiti: Enabling an Ecosystem of Personalized and Interoperable Social Applications, Proceedings of the 38th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (2025). DOI: 10.1145/3746059.3747627

Monday, December 15, 2025

Fake Reality Generators


There's two different artificial tongues here, and one synthetic person.

Work begins to create artificial human DNA from scratch
Jun 2025, BBC 

"If we manage to create synthetic body parts or even synthetic people, then who owns them. And who owns the data from these creations? "

You heard it folks, synthetic people. Your job here is done. You can leave now. 


Graphene-based artificial tongue achieves near-human-like sense of taste
Jul 2025, phys.org

Here's some words: "neuromorphic artificial gustation"

via Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication in  Beijing: Yuchun Zhang et al, Confinement of ions within graphene oxide membranes enables neuromorphic artificial gustation, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2025). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2413060122

Image credit: no credit actually, because we don't really do that anymore


Research highlights unreliable responses from most Amazon MTurk users, except for 'master' workers
Jul 2025, phys.org

This sounds like a major meta-problem in behavioral and psychological research science. I wonder for example how serious was the BISEP issue in genetics? (I see articles from 2016 saying 1 in 5 papers could be messed up, and similar articles all the way up to 2023, but no really in-depth investigations into what this means for genetics science as a whole.)

Back to the MechaTurks
 
"The implication is that their responses to the main questionnaire may be equally random."

1,300 participants answered identical questionnaire items to measure response consistency, and "attentional catch" questions that should be easily answered. 

"It's hard to trust the data of someone who claims a runner isn't tired after completing a marathon in extremely hot weather or that a cancer diagnosis would make someone glad"

The findings: The majority of participants from MTurk's general worker pool failed the attention checks and demonstrated highly inconsistent responses, even when the sample was limited to users with a 95% or higher approval rating.

via Bar-Ilan University: Assessing the quality and reliability of the Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) data in 2024, Royal Society Open Science (2025). DOI: 10.1098/rsos.250361.


Artificial tongue uses milk to determine heat level in spicy foods
Oct 2025, phys.org

Yeah just artificial tongue.

via Shanghai Institute of Technology: A Soft and Flexible Artificial Tongue for Pungency Perception, ACS Sensors (2025). DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5c01329


China's unemployed young adults who are pretending to have jobs
Aug 2025, BBC News

Shui Zhou, 30, had a food business venture that failed in 2024. In April of this year, he started to pay 30 yuan ($4.20; £3.10) per day to go into a mock-up office run by a business called Pretend To Work Company, in the city of Dongguan, 114 km (71 miles) north of Hong Kong.

There he joins five "colleagues" who are doing the same thing.

"I feel very happy. It's like we're working together as a group."

And rather than attendees just sitting around, they can use the computers to search for jobs, or to try to launch their own start-up businesses. Sometimes the daily fee, usually between 30 and 50 yuan, includes lunch, snacks and drinks.


A ripe target for identity thieves: Prisoners on death row
May 2025, NBC News

Death Row inmates are unlikely to receive communications that would alert them to identity theft.

via identity verification company SentiLink: 


Celsius energy drink cans filled with vodka in production mishap
Jul 2025, BBC News

The mix-up came about after a packaging supplier mistakenly shipped empty Celsius cans to the vodka seltzer company High Noon, which filled them with alcohol.


AI-generated voices now indistinguishable from real human voices
Sep 2025, phys.org

As we pass the inflection point, an interesting phenomenon occurs where being real isn't even real enough anymore - "hyperreal" - some studies show AI-generated faces are judged to be human more often than real human faces.

via Queen Mary, University of London: Voice clones sound realistic but not (yet) hyperrealistic, PLOS One (2025). dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0332692


Detection firm finds 82% of herbal remedy books on Amazon ‘likely written’ by AI
Oct 2025, The Guardian

Some topics are faker than others, that's all. 


Hundreds of animal studies on brain damage after stroke flagged for problematic images
Oct 2025, phys.org

After noticing suspicious images in some papers in mid-2023, they set out to perform a systematic investigation of image-related problems in all 608 potentially relevant publications. The researchers uncovered that 243 papers (40%) were found to be problematic, most often for containing problematic images.

via Radboud University Medical Center: Aquarius R, et al. High prevalence of articles with image-related problems in animal studies of subarachnoid hemorrhage and low rates of correction by publishers.PLOS Biology (2025). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3003438

Friday, February 7, 2025

Post Consumer Product Phishing



A reversal of sorts, where the market used to have people who made things and people who bought things, but now it's just people taking things from other people, who get nothing in return.

The consumer became the product. Because let's face it, all DNA-testing sites are really just Ancestry dot com, which was based on early 20th century surveillance, similar to the very expensive advertising lists compiled from reams of public and non-public personal data. Think churches, governments and community organizations holding marriage certificates, military records, or payment accounting books. The DNA part was just like hanging a Store Closing All Items Half Price sign in the window. 

Granted, there are a few easy genes to tell you otherwise really obvious things about yourself. Are you Asian? That's ABCC11, called the 'no body odor' gene. I had no idea I was Asian until now actually, thank you DNA company. There'a another one for people of African origin, something related to sickle cell anemia and diabetes, called the HBB mutation.

Here's a better explanation:
"To understand the ancestry tests, you have to begin by looking at the fine print. This [type of test] says 'for recreational purposes only' or something very similar. It obviously is written by lawyers, not scientists, and it's a way of saying that the results have no scientific or legal standing. This is privatized, corporate science, not ordinary science. "How do they come up with numbers? They take DNA from people from disparate regions and compare yours to theirs. The numbers reflect a measure of your DNA similarity to those of the divergent gene pools. How do they calculate it? Don't know; the algorithms are protected intellectual property. Are they accurate? About as accurate as looking in the mirror."
--NPR, Why You Should Think Twice About Those DNA-By-Mail Results, 2017 [link]

It's not that the DNA-ancestry companies don't work at all, just that they work far, far less than they would have us believe (kind of like smart shoelaces or AI handlebars).  

In other words, when you give your DNA to a company for the purposes of discovering your ancestry, they're getting more usable information about you than you are about yourself. And then things like this happen:
 
DNA-testing site 23andMe fights for survival
Nov 2024, BBC News

"Until we ban the trade in personal data, we are not well protected enough."
-Carissa Velez, author of Privacy is Power


Something to consider - the Chan Zuckerberg Foundation has the Tabula Sapiens atlas of human tissue. (2022) [link]


I gave my DNA to tracking company - then it vanished
Nov 2024, BBC News

A DNA-testing firm appears to have ceased trading - without telling its customers what has happened to the highly sensitive data they shared with it.

Atlas Biomed, which has offices in London, offered to provide insights into people's genetic make up as well as their predisposition to certain illnesses.

However, users are no longer able to access their personalised reports online and the company has not responded to the BBC's requests for comment.

Customers of the firm describe the situation as "very alarming" and say they want answers about what has happened to their "most personal information".

This next article seems different, but it's actually the same:

Smart gadgets’ failure to commit to software support could be illegal, FTC warns
Nov 2024, Ars Technica

Makers of smart devices that fail to disclose how long they will support their products with software updates may be breaking the Magnuson Moss Warranty Act, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) warned this week.

The FTC released its statement after examining 184 smart products across 64 product categories, including soundbars, video doorbells, breast pumps, smartphones, home appliances, and garage door opener controllers. Among devices researched, the majority—or 163 to be precise—"did not disclose the connected device support duration or end date" on their product webpage, per the FTC's report [PDF]. Contrastingly, 11.4 percent of devices examined shared a software support duration or end date on their product page.

Post Script on quality in the post-consumer era:
Majority of clothes being donated are exported or discarded: Study calls for city fashion waste shakeup
Nov 2024, phys.org

Charities and collectors have been reporting the plummeting quality of garments over the past 15 to 20 years, decreasing resale potential

Further Reading: Privacy is Power: Why and How You Should Take Back Control of Your Data, 2022

Tuesday, July 9, 2024

Erosion of Privacy and the Dematerialization of the Consumer


The Omnopticon is rising, a million eyeballs in every corner of the Earth. And they're all looking at you, watching your every move, where you go, who you're with, what you're thinking about, and before you know it yourself. 

New research harnesses AI and satellite imagery to reveal the expanding footprint of human activity at sea
Jan 2024, phys.org

They synthesized GPS data with five years of radar and optical imagery to reveal that about 75% of the world's industrial fishing vessels are not publicly tracked, with much of that fishing taking place around Africa and South Asia. More than 25% of transport and energy vessel activity is also missing from public tracking systems.

via Global Fishing Watch, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Duke University, UC Santa Barbara, and SkyTruth: Fernando Paolo, Satellite mapping reveals extensive industrial activity at sea, Nature (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06825-8.

Image credit: An array of photomultiplier tubes mounted inside the steel tank of the Eos neutrino detector - Thor Swift Berkeley Lab - Mar 2024 [link]


A CPAP Machine Can Help Some Get Better Sleep But Insurers Don't Make It Easy
Nov 2018, NPR

In an email, a Blue Cross Blue Shield spokesperson said that it's standard practice for insurers to monitor sleep apnea patients and deny payment if they aren't using the machine. 


N.J. police officers’ personal information posted online by data brokers, lawsuit says
Feb 2024, nj.com

Plot twist?

To contrast an earlier incident in NJ where a college campus security officer used his access to private surveillance software to spy on students (which seems pretty impossible to find again using a basic search), this time, the email service provider for police and corrections officers leaked personal information to brokers who in turn sold it, so it was put on the web for the public to see, which includes criminals, and so it endangered an officer.


This tiny, tamper-proof ID tag can authenticate almost anything
Feb 2024, phys.org

Very smart anti-surveillance strategy

Cryptographic antitampering ID tag - They mix microscopic metal particles into the glue that sticks the tag to an object and then use terahertz waves to detect the unique pattern those particles form on the item's surface. Akin to a fingerprint, this random glue pattern is used to authenticate the item. (And this is to avoid a counterfeiter who could peel the tag off and reattach it to a fake.)

"These metal particles are essentially like mirrors for terahertz waves. If I spread a bunch of mirror pieces onto a surface and then shine a light on that, depending on the orientation, size, and location of those mirrors, I would get a different reflected pattern. But if you peel the chip off and reattach it, you destroy that pattern." 

via Massachusetts Institute of Technology: Ruonan Han et al, "A Packageless Anti-Tampering Tag Utilizing Unclonable Sub-THz Wave Scattering at the Chip-Item Interface," IEEE Solid State Circuits Conference (2024). www.isscc.org/


Keeping your data from Apple is harder than expected, finds study
Apr 2024, phys.org

The researchers studied eight apps: Safari, Siri, Family Sharing, iMessage, FaceTime, Location Services, Find My and Touch ID. They collected all publicly available privacy-related information on these apps, from technical documentation to privacy policies and user manuals.

The fragility of the privacy protections surprised even the researchers.

"Due to the way the user interface is designed, users don't know what is going on. For example, the user is given the option to enable or not enable Siri, Apple's virtual assistant. But enabling only refers to whether you use Siri's voice control. Siri collects data in the background from other apps you use, regardless of your choice, unless you understand how to go into the settings and specifically change that," says Lindqvist.

Participants weren't able to stop data sharing in any of the apps.

"The online instructions for restricting data access are very complex and confusing"

In the end the participants were able to take one or two steps in the right direction, but none succeeded in following the whole procedure to protect their privacy.

via Aalto University, from a paper for the 2024 CHI Conference: Privacy of Default Apps in Apple's Mobile Ecosystem, Lindqvist et al

Monday, October 31, 2022

Panoptic Supremacy


EU to unveil landmark law to force Big Tech to police illegal content
Apr 2022, Financial Times via Ars Technica

Dark patterns - techniques that dupe people into unwillingly clicking:

"The controversial practice of targeting users online based on their religion, gender or sexual preferences will be banned under the Digital Services Act, according to four people with knowledge of the discussions."



Satellites will act as thermometers in the sky
Jul 2022, BBC News

Satellite Vu is attracting a lot of interest with its plans to fly a network of spacecraft to map heat signatures across the planet.

Such observations have long been made, but not at the resolution (3-4m) and frequency (several times a day) that the London firm is promising.

This will allow Satellite Vu to map the temperature profiles of individual buildings, offices and factories.

"With infrared, what you see in daytime, you can see at night. And whereas most other Earth observation data-sets are looking at the outside of buildings, we can even get an inference of what's going on inside - whether there's activity in that building, whether a house is occupied, whether there's productive machinery in a factory," said Anthony Baker, CEO and co-founder of Satellite Vu.

The data will also provide intelligence to the financial and insurance sectors - and even the military - by showing how temperatures in a scene have changed. It's possible, for example, to see that planes recently left an airfield from the cool "ghost images" they leave behind having earlier shadowed the ground from the Sun.


Inside Fog Data Science, the Secretive Company Selling Mass Surveillance to Local Police
Sep 2022, Electronic Frontier Foundation

Summarizing for context:
Finally, evidence suggests that Fog’s service relies on using advertising identifiers to link data together, so simply disabling your ad ID may stymie Fog’s attempts to track you. One email suggests that Apple’s App Tracking Transparency initiative — which made ad ID access opt-in and resulted in a drastic decrease in the number of devices sharing that information — made services like Fog less useful to law enforcement. And former police analyst Davin Hall told EFF that the company wanted to keep its existence secret so that more people would leave their ad IDs enabled. 


Wednesday, September 7, 2022

Falling Down


AKA Data Miners Go on Strike

Amazon targets 10,000 fake review Facebook groups
Jul 2022, BBC News
 
Amazon is taking legal action against the administrators of more than 10,000 Facebook groups, the BBC has learned.

It says the groups are generating fake reviews on Amazon marketplaces in the US, UK, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and Japan.

The tech sector has finally started to cannibalize itself. 


First ever sales fall for Facebook owner Meta
Jul 2022, BBC News
https://www.bbc.com/news/business-62322862

"When you look at the ad space right now...growth is deteriorating at a very fast pace, much faster than most people had anticipated," Mr Zino said.

Meta's reliance on small and medium-sized businesses - which are "spooked" about the economy - makes it particularly vulnerable to any market slowdown, said Nikhil Lai senior analyst for performance marketing at Forrester Research.

The company's fine-tuned model for targeting adverts was also disrupted last year when Apple overhauled its privacy settings.

Let's just accept it now, in a pretty unexpected turn of events, the Roe decision has pushed the American populace off the privacy cliff. 

Let's also recall the 2014 paper that followed the disease model on a social network and predicted Facebook would run out of users by 2018 (which then happened, although the balance was being replaced by bots at the same time so nobody cared to acknowledge it).
-Epidemiological modeling of online social network dynamics, John Cannarell, Joshua A. Spechler. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University. arxiv:1401.4208v1 [cs.SI] 17 Jan 2014. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1401.4208v1.pdf

Weaponized Delivery Packages for Misinformation


One day customers will only want to do business with those who harvest their data sustainably.

Twitter pays $150M fine for using two-factor login details to target ads
May 2022, Ars Technica

"As the complaint notes, Twitter obtained data from users on the pretext of harnessing it for security purposes but then ended up also using the data to target users with ads," Federal Trade Commission Chair Lina Khan said. "This practice affected more than 140 million Twitter users, while boosting Twitter's primary source of revenue."


Feds seize SSNDOB marketplace that listed personal data of 24 million people
Jun 2022, Ars Technica

Social Security Number Date of Birth (SSNDOB) like the walmart of personal data.

More fallout from the Chainalysis revelation, which is basically that every transaction you make on the blockchain is public knowledge, so with some good network software, you can track people and money like a first grade math problem. 

Further readings:
Inside the Bitcoin Bust That Took Down the Web’s Biggest Child Abuse Site
Apr 2022, Mike McQuade, WIRED [soft paywall]


Facebook is receiving sensitive medical information from hospital websites
Jun 2022, The Markup via Ars Technica

Experts say some hospitals’ use of an ad tracking tool may violate a federal law protecting health information. (You don't say)

A tracking tool installed on many hospitals’ websites has been collecting patients’ sensitive health information — including details about their medical conditions, prescriptions, and doctor’s appointments — and sending it to Facebook.

The Markup tested the websites of Newsweek’s top 100 hospitals in America. On 33 of them we found the tracker, called the Meta Pixel, sending Facebook a packet of data whenever a person clicked a button to schedule a doctor’s appointment. 

Clicking the “Schedule Online” button, filling in the booking form, or clicking the “Finish Booking” button on a doctor’s page sent the following information:
  • text of the button clicked
  • doctor’s name
  • doctor's field of medicine
  • search term used to find doctor: “pregnancy termination"
  • condition selected from dropdown menu: “Alzheimer’s”
  • first name
  • last name
  • email address
  • phone number
  • zip code
  • city of residence  entered into the booking form,
  • names of patients’ medications
  • descriptions of their allergic reactions
  • upcoming doctor’s appointments
  • name and dosage of a medication in our health record
  • notes we had entered about the prescription
  • response to a question about sexual orientation
The Markup also found the Meta Pixel installed inside the password-protected patient portals of seven health systems. 
You heard the man; this is a stick up. 

Technical sidenote:
“The evil genius of Facebook’s system is they create this little piece of code [the pixel] that does the snooping for them and then they just put it out into the universe and Facebook can try to claim plausible deniability,” said Alan Butler, executive director of the Electronic Privacy Information Center. “The fact that this is out there in the wild on the websites of hospitals is evidence of how broken the rules are.” (So the pixel is like a dematerialized AirPod?)

Further reading on body brokers and biodata:
Sapiens For Sale, Network Address, Aug 2022

Network structure of Agents in Tsuchiyu Onsen, Tohoku University, 2022


Kochava faces legal action over sale of location data
Aug 2022, BBC News

The company, founded in 2011, says on its website that it "complies with all user data privacy and consent regulations".

And they do, because there aren't any.


Data privacy bill would give you more control over info collected about you
Aug 2022, The Conversation via Ars Technica

"Excludes deidentified data"
-American Data and Privacy Protection Act (Frank Pallone, hello NJ)

How hard is it to 'de-anonymize' cellphone data? 

Not hard:

We study fifteen months of human mobility data for one and a half million individuals and find that human mobility traces are highly unique. In fact, in a dataset where the location of an individual is specified hourly and with a spatial resolution equal to that given by the carrier's antennas, four spatio-temporal points are enough to uniquely identify 95% of the individuals.
-Unique in the Crowd: The privacy bounds of human mobility. Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye et al. Sci Rep 3, 1376 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01376

Four datapoints. That's 2013 by the way.

Post Script:
Here's the thing: we've all watched the promise of tech and the internet curdle into (at best) invasive, advertisement-saturated, rent-seeking bullshit and/or (at worst) weaponized delivery packages for misinformation, bigotry, and occasional incitements to genocide and violence. I think we're all reaching our saturation limit for being monetized, marketed to, invasively tracked, and charged a premium for devices and services that enable those things. I think we're looking for relief from all that, not variety of opportunities to experience it. -Snark128, "Meta sparks anger by charging for VR apps", Financial Times via Ars Technica, Jun 2022 https://www.ft.com/content/e8910bad-b873-407d-b1ca-46eb4ceb3db2 


Wednesday, May 25, 2022

Subprime Attention Crisis


This author gave a talk at HOPE in 2010ish about Twitterbots, long before they were a thing. In fact, he kind of made them a thing. Anyway, now he's talking about how online advertising doesn't really work, and that it's going to become too hard to ignore, and the industry will collapse, and it will take the entire internet with it. I hope he's wrong, but he makes quite the compelling argument.

Subprime Attention Crisis:Advertising and the Time Bomb at the Heart of the Internet
Tim Hwang, 2020

"Programmatic Advertising" is an important term in this book, and refers to the automation of buying and selling of ads, at mind-blinding speed and without any human intervention or oversight at all.

Distinction between direct response advertising (see it, buy it) vs brand advertising ("shaping the public's associations with a brand and differentiating it from its competitors) (p80)

Mesothelioma - one of the most expensive keywords to advertise against (p83, ft21)
-Jim Leichenko, "The Most Expensive Keywords on Google - Anniversay Edition," Kantar Media, Sep 4 2018

Data arbitrage - marketing agencies sign deals for discounted prices for ad inventory for publishers, then resell the inventory at a higher price to their clients (pocketing the difference) (p105)

Surveillance Capitalism - Shoshana Zuboff, The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. Public Affairs. 2019

Ad damage (harm) - relies on invasion of privacy, incentivizes manipulating user behavior and seizing user attention in ways that may be harmful to mental health and physical development (Zuboff), and incentivizes media supporting information of echo chambers (Eli Parsier, The Filter Bubble, 2012)

(Also re harms of advertising) - The broad range of expression that the internet might otherwise enable has been limited to ways of connecting that are consistent with the financial needs of advertising. Advertising is complicit in restricting the grammar of social interaction online. (p117)

In envisioning a platform totally anonymous, he says it might "degrade into a ---digital wall of bathroom graffiti--- in a few hours. (p118) [I find an uncanny resemblance between this and the Wall of Public Shame and Social Miscourse that Facebook has morphed into.]

Post Script - About the Image:
I tried to search images for "shopping addiction" but it's weird because they're all smiling. You can't get a picture of someone holding a shopping bag with a scowl on their face, it just doesn't work. Even the articles about how to recognize if you have a compulsive shopping disorder show pictures of people smiling. I'll admit, it's hard to communicate visually, something about the two things together that doesn't work visually. Gambling addiction, on the other hand, is all dejected people with their head in their hands. So I decided to go for "Black Friday", because that's what it looks like when your culture -- not any one individual but the entire culture -- has a shopping addiction. 

Tuesday, May 24, 2022

Profit Over Privacy


I'm reading this book along with a series of others about advertising, privacy, etc. The Naked Consumer (1992) takes us up to the pre-internet era, and Sub Prime Attention Crisis (2021) shows us the implications of propping up the infrastructure of the internet with advertising, specifically targeted instead of contextual advertising. 

Profit Over Privacy: How Surveillance Advertising Conquered the Internet
Matthew Crain, University of Minnesota Press, 2021

"Commercial monitoring" is the palatable name for surveillance advertising.

He calls Russia's 2016 interference an "ad system" (p3) -United States of America v. Internet Research Agency, LLC., No 18 U.S.C. SS2, 371, 1349, 1028A (n.d.)

Facebook is an ad platform - "data-driven influence peddling is their bread and butter" (p4)

The 2013 Facebook Like Study: Michael Kosinski, David Stillwell, and Thore Graepel, "Private Traits and Attributes Are Predictable From Digital Records of Human Behavior," PNAS 110, no. 15 (2013): 5802-5

Cory Doctorow's microtargeting: "How To Destroy Surveillance Capitalism," OneZero, Aug 26 2020.

Funny how the author is talking about lack of public access to high quality information, caused by digital ad ecosystems, yet low-credibility info is the fuel of digital advertising via engagement algorithms more likely to spread and instigate further engagement if they're extreme and novel, i.e., low-credibility.

The privacy market (which is now a free market with no rules) (p21)

"The fiction that advertising supports or makes possible the news, entertainment, or educational content has been a public relations mainstay of the commercial mass media" -Dallas Smythe, 1981: Dependency Road: Communications, Capitalism, Consciousness and Canada

Far from creating objective representations of the world as it is, consumer surveillance reproduces and often reinforces existing structural inequalities (p105)
-Noble, Algorithms of Oppression
-Jathan Sadowski, To Smart: How Digital Capitalism is Extracting Data, Controlling Our Lives, and Taking Over the World. 2020

The strategic communications campaign to pacify the public on privacy issues (p132)
-Inger Stole, Advertising on Tril: Consumer Activism and Corporate Public Relations in the 1930's. 2005 
-Molly Niesen, "The Little Old Lady Has teeth: The US Federal Trade Commission and the Advertising Industry, 1970-1973," Advertising and Society Review 12, no. 4 (2012)

Daniel Pope: The Making of Modern Advertising

The divergence between Google and Doubleclick (before 2007)
  • Google: Rather than collecting consumer info to target ads, they relied on users' search keywords to display "contextual advertising", and this was very successful
  • Doubleclick: Consumer data was the keystone for closing the loop between ads and sales
-Ken Auletta, Googled: The End of the World as We Know It, 2010

The central business proposition of social networks stemmed from their arguably superior capacities to collect and operationalize personal information, not from any significantly technical innovations in advertising practice (p140) [And so Facebook ultimately forced Google to abandon the context-approach completely ... Surveillance was too big of a business.]

Accounting for the shift: Google's first privacy policy, created in 1999, sparsely explained that the company did not collect data on any individuals. Twenty years and thirty versions later, it now takes four thousand words to outline the company's extensive data collection practices across its array of websites, applications and partners. (p142) -Warzejl and Ngu in New York Times, 2019

On Opt-In: "Offering advertising on an opt-in basis goes against the economic model of the internet" [because you made it that way through decades of policy manipulation] (p143)
-Google spokesperson, in JR Raphel, "Google's Behavioral Ad targeting: How to Regain Control", PC World, 2009

Back to Politics: The history of surveillance advertising is not a story of disruption but rather one of continuity. (p145)

Further Reading:
-Matt Honan, "Google's Broken Promise: The End of 'Don't Be Evil'", Gizmodo 2012
-Tim Libert, "Exposing the Invisible Web: An Analysis of Third-Party HTTP Requests on 1 Million Websites," Int. Jour. Comm. 2015
-Julia Angwin, :The Web's New Godl Mine: Your Secrets", WSJ 2010
-FTC, "Cross Device Tracking: An FTC Staff Report", 2017
-Jennifer Valentino-DeVries et al., "Your Apps Know Where You Were Last Night, and They're Not Keeping It Secret", NYT 2018
-"Stat Oil", The Economist 2013
-John Cheney-Lippold, We Are Data: Algorithms and the Making of Oour Digital Selves, NYU Press 2017
-Gabriel Weinberg, "What If We Al Just Sold Non-Creepy Advertising?" NYT 2019

Monday, May 23, 2022

The Naked Consumer


AKA Big Datty Goes Shopping

This book was written in 1992, and exemplifies the reason why I like to read old books from a kind of anthropological or at least historical perspective. He says things that sound like they could have been written yesterday, and it shows you how much of what we call "new" or even "unprecedented" are actually just an extension of things that have always existed.

And a big part of me thinks that constantly re-naming and re-examining things is what holds us back from making more progress. We act like our problems just appeared yesterday, when in fact they've been around forever, and the things getting in the way of solving them --corrupt governance, greedy businesses, etc.-- are kept invisible to oversight and insulated from public outrage just as they always were. And we're kept chasing our own tails, making up new names for things and separating each other into different groups so that we can discuss and blame and even legislate our way into a conflated oblivion, without making much of a dent in the main source of the problem. I don't know, personal carbon footprint calculators comes to mind, for example. Pay no attention to the 500 pound elephant behind the curtain. 

Magazines, many of them but not all of them, are not real.

That is, they aren't what you think they are. You think they're a bunch of pictures and stories, gathered around some loosely related subjects for your infotainment pleasure. This author shows us that they are not that. Instead, a magazine is a ploy to get your name and address. That's it. The purpose is to create a list of all the people who have an interest in "x", and then to sell that list to people who want to sell people "x". That's it.

American Baby was a magazine in the 90's. I've never heard of it. But it was about babies, and aimed at new mothers. Articles about breastfeeding and thumbsucking and extra belly fat probably (because making a woman feel bad about her image is a sure way to get her to buy your shit). But the magazine wasn't made for its readers. It was made for the advertisers who buy the list of readers. And that's because new mothers are the number one most heavily targeted demographics on earth. And that's because young mothers are scared out of their minds, and will do anything you tell them to, especially if you scare them enough. 

You might be thinking GMOs or vaccines. And you'd be right, because a good network analysis done recently showed how alternative medicine and new mothers were the nexus of a global conspiracy network, linking other disparate groups and topics, and allowing for the spread of antivax disinformation to infect our population faster than a real virus ever could. 

That's the intro to the book -- the author pretends he's got a pregnant wife, submits a subscription to American Baby, and watches what happens next. His fictitious wife, and her miracle baby who doesn't exist, are from that day on bombarded with advertising that has been engineered to exploit your endocrine system at every stage of your baby's development, all the way into their own adulthood. The consumer surveillance system has been around forever, and still follows the same rules, and still uses the same arguments on our legislators, judges, academics and entrepreneurs. 

In spite of common sense, learning your history might be more impactful than threatening to boycott your favorite social media platform using said social media platform. 


The Naked Consumer: How Our Lives Become Public Commodities
Erik Larson, Henry Holt Publishers, 1992

He talks about noticing that his mail has intelligence, and later calls it "smart mail". He's referring to how the advertisers know he has a baby, and he does refer to this as the "consumer intelligence system" elsewhere in the book. I'm just saying, he was saying "smart"-things in 1992. 

Quoting a marketing executive, "Through psychographics, we become the friend who knows them as well as, perhaps better than, they know themselves" (p13). Sound familiar?

The 4 Laws of Data Dynamics
  1. The law of data coalescence - Data must seek and merge with complementary data.
  2. Data always will be used for purposes other than originally intended. 
  3. Data collected about individuals will be used to cause harm to one or more n=members of the group who provided the information or about whom it was collected, be it minor (short-term aggravation of a "junk" call during dinner) or major (the sorrow of getting a free sample of formula just after your miscarriage).
  4. Confidential information is confidential only until someone decides it's not. (p14)

Interesting take on Planned Obsolescence: Talking about a shift in marketing in the 1920's - "to more effectively woo consumers, manufacturers shifted their emphasis from function to style. Suddenly, consumers could buy Turkish towels in colors other than white; even toilets came in alluring new shades. Automakers began painting car different colors; in 1927 General Motors began making annual changes in body styles a practice that came to be known as "planned obsolescence." The stated mission of GM's research division was "the organized creation of dissatisfaction." (p20)

The radio is not a public place - you couldn't blatantly advertise on the radio in the 1920's because it was broadcast into people's homes, the "family circle" (p21)

The Census Bureau, cluster analysis, REZIDES (National Zip Code Encyclopedia (household income, education, home value, and occupation), PRIZMs (Potential Rating Index for Zip Markets); (circa p50)

The National Credit Hunters roster: 1.6 million people who applied for credit cards but were turned down, "these credit-hungry men and women are available for rental" ...you could get 400,000 names every two weeks for $70 per thousand... (p66)

Gay people are a very heavily-marketed group, because they are so easy to identify, i.e., via same-sex address matching, which doesn't work as well for females (~p68)

Jews - there is a database that scores your name's Jewishness, and why? Because "They're well-to-do and highly assimilated. They have a lot of disposable cash in the sense that their income is higher than the norm. There is a social tradition in Judaism toward charity. They tend to read more than the general public. There's only one group that has succeeded more than the Jews in terms of their economic and social assimilation into American society, and that's the Japanese." - Avram Lyon AB Data Ltd. Vice President (p69) 

[^Why are gay people not called Gays, yet Jewish people are called Jews?]

Copyright traps on lists! - To insure that list renters use names only as often as agreed (because they make money off use of the list, so you can't turn around and sell it to someone else), list managers routinely seed them with false names -- the names, for example, of pets and people long dead whose addresses, however, are actually addresses of living employees of the list managers. If these employees receive more than one letter addressed to a particular defunct consumer, they sound the alarm. (p70)

Also note they copyright their lists, despite the fact that "we consumers never gave them direct permission to use our names in the first place." (p70)

There's lists of people who are non-responders, so they can be eliminated from other lists; there's lists of recent mortgage holders who are likely to go bankrupt in the next 12 months, so they can be contacted again in 12 months... (p76)

"Synchographics" - (not synchro-) are timed milestones like puberty or pregnancy or homeownership (p81)

"There is no more elaborate consumer intelligence system than that set up to capture the gravid [pregnancy] status of women." (p82)

The Direct Mail List Rates and Data directory describes thousands of lists, their owners and managers, and the price they charge. Find this at your local library. (p83)

Toledo, Ohio water commissioner in 1952 realizes a sudden citywide pressure drop during the I Love Lucy commercial break. (p106)

Langbourne Rust - he's a spy basically - "No one every notices. Ever." Still, the main rule - "Never turn your face toward the person you're looking at. People have an extraordinary ability to notice from their peripheral vision that someone's looking at them." (p181)

In this book, written in 1992, the word "Dumpster" is capitalized. (p189)

Garbage - William Rathje, archeologist from the University of Arizona, turned "garbologist", started Le Projet du Garbage, wrote in Garbage magazine, and "punctured myths of human consumption" in America (p189) On Mexican American Garbage - "Ethnic Migration, Assimilation and Consumption", Journal of Consumer Research, Dec 1983 Melanie Wallendorf and Michael Reilly


WHO CARES and WHAT TO DO ABOUT IT

"The techniques of mass surveillance now allow marketers to find our vulnerabilities more efficiently ... Targeting has given them the power to worry us when we are not worried, to make us aware of our flaws when otherwise we might be content, to make us feel sorrow when moments before we felt only happiness. ... We expect to encounter voluminous advertising in our magazines and newspapers and have learned to ignore it." (p202-203) 

"Psychoactive Junk Mail" affects moods and thoughts a lot more than one might think, mostly in minor ways but sometimes dramatically. Suppose you are overweight... (p204)

Junk mail and junk calls are only superficial manifestations of the most troubling aspects of mass surveillance -- the fact of the surveillance itself. The surreptitious collection and coalescence of personal information constitutes nothing less than an assault on human dignity and the sanctity of self. If mass surveillance gives us the creeps, it is because the techniques intrude on ground we know to be sacred. (p206)

"At an instinctive level, many consumers feel that for a commercial entity to collect names, addresses and consumer characteristics and store it in a computer data base, without the consumer's knowledge or agreement appropriates some uniqueness from the consumer. It's a modern counterpart of the tribal native's belief that viewing photographed by the anthropologist captures and transfers some of the individual's essence ot the photo taker and could be used to manipulate him." ["Manipulate" being the key word here.] (p206) -Alain Westin in a 1990 Harris-Equifax survey

Something about this is eerily familiar in 21st century as social media platforms become the pinnacle of consumer advertising and at the same time a wholly unregulated and indefensible channel through which the whole society under its all-seeing eye becomes an eager receptor for instigatory potential, at times to nefarious ends: "The consumer marketers have installed the most sophisticated mass intelligence system in history. Despite its banal current uses, it constitutes the infrastructure of invasion, ready to disrupt the lives of millions of Americans but restrained from doing so only be reasonably benign political climate, the absence of an overwhelming national enemy, and the good judgement of the system's corporate masters. But technology, as Jacques Ellul, the French technophilosopher, argued in The Technological Society, advances along a path of its own choosing, exhausting every conceivable application along the way until restrained by law of obsolescence. By Ellul's reasoning the infrastructure of invasion will be used one day to cause most harm across the land. "History," he wrote, "shows that every technical application from it beginnings presents certain unforeseeable secondary effects which are much more disastrous than the lack of technique would have been." (p210-211)

Introduction to Chapter 12: What to Do: New Laws for a New Age: "The real danger is the gradual erosion of individual liberties through the automation, integration, and interconnection of many small, separate record-keeping systems, each of which alone may seem innocuous, even benevolent, and wholly justifiable -U.S. Privacy Protection Study Commission, 1977. (p231)

Video Privacy Protection Act of 1988 - passed with blinding speed by legislators after a Washington weekly City Paper "obtained and analyzed records of the movies rented by Judge Bork", shocked by the "brazen invasion of the sanctity of the man's cinematic tastes." (p235) [Fixing this problem sounds pretty easy all of the sudden.]

"Recombinant data" - a whole new strain of information created by cybertechnologies

Tuesday, April 26, 2022

Electronic Drugs and Addiction by Design


I ran an image search for the word "panopticon", looking for a good thumbnail for this post. This picture looks great, but I have no idea what it is, and it's not sourced. Is it an artificially intelligent big data brain? A neutrino chamber? Does it have anything to do with panopticon design (think Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia)? No.

It's a building, called L’Hemisfèric, in the City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia, Spain, designed by architect Santiago Calatrava circa 2015. The reflection in the water makes it look like one big eye, and it does. So maybe it's partially related here.

Back on track -- Commercials for online gambling end with a disclaimer about where to call if you have a gambling problem.

I always thought it was strange that you could have a commercial for addictive things. If they're already addictive, why do we need to advertise them? Or better yet, if something is addictive, shouldn't we not be allowed to advertise for them? Especially in today's world of targeted advertising; we're literally using the word "targeted". 

In China, they call video games "electronic drugs", and they have new regulations against private companies targeting their citizens with addictive algorithms (governments not so much). 

Ten years ago, this book was written about slot machines, and today it will blow your mind. That is, if you can handle some basic ideas of statistics, probability, and randomness:

  • Machine gambling as an example of flipping the workplace organizational psychology of the 1900's factory back on the "new product" (you) -- the user, and analysing them, the new worker, to get them to "work" longer, better, faster (by getting sucked-in to the machine and controlled by it), for you! (the employer or the owner). (p57, Foucault, Marx)
  • "The gambler not only can't win but isn't playing to win, while the gambling industry is playing to win all along." (p75)
  • Random number generators (RNGs) are at the heart of every slot machine.
  • From hardware to software - Between the actual reel that you see spinning and stopping in front of you, and the automated RNG that actually decides your fate, there is now a virtual reel, which weights the outcome by mapping a pre-planned algorithm ahead of your actual reels, so that it's no longer about the machine, the reels, the lever, the hardware. It's about crafting a perfect probability for both the industry and for the gambler. 
The Virtual Reel Map - Figure 3.2a - Educational illustration of virtual reel mapping for a machine containing 32 virtual stops and 22 actual stops. The first 11 positions on the 32-stop virtual reel are mapped to the 11 symbols on the actual reel, but the rest are mapped to blanks, such that the odds of hitting a winning symbol are less than they appear to be. In addition, via a disproportionate number of virtual stops are mapped to blank spaces just above or below the jackpot symbols. This ensures that they will appear more often above or below the payline than they would by chance alone, enhancing the "near miss" sensation among players. Courtesy of Game Planit, Inc. (p88)

  • Note that in the image above, which represents an actual reel map, positions 1,3,5,7 are "real", whereas 2,4,6 are not; they're blanks. Yet they're doubled by the map loading, so you "almost" get it more often than chance (out of the actual 11 symbols). AKA Phantom Symbols, AKA Loading the Dice (p92)
  • On the new machines (which are designed to hack your nervous system to bits and then feed it back to you as a dopamine drip) - "They love them; They can literally play all day." (p126) -IGT Game Developer
  • "Tracked gamblers are treated less as individual subjects than as "dividuals" in the Deleuzian sense -- bundles of traits and habits (associated with pin numbers, codes, passwords and personal algorithms) that can be systematically compared with those of others, allowing casinos to more precisely identify and market to distinct customer niches (ft 15). Casinos also can triangulate any given gambler's player data with her demographic data, piecing together a profile that can be used to customize game offerings and marketing appeals specifically for her; although she has been broken down into discrete data points in the process of tracking in the moment of marketing she is reassembled as a distinct individual who can be examined form every angle." -The Rise of Player Tracking, Chapter 5 Matching the Market
From the book, Addicted by Design

"I am watching everything. I see it all."
-Executive at Harrah's

This quote feels like it could be the introduction to this book on marketing and advertising:
The Panoptic Sort: A Political Economy of Personal Information
Oscar H. Gandy Jr., 1993

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Data Free Lifestyle



Grindr and Twitter face 'out of control' complaint
Jan 2020, BBC News

As an American, I like to read from the BBC, because it's good for perspective.

Some of the big dogs in Personal Data (aka social media networking platforms) are being accused of an "insane violation" of massive commercial surveillance and unlawfully sharing user data.

The complaint says that every time you use one of these applications on your mobile device, the advertisement company -- not the social site you're using like Ashley Madison (jk) but the advertiser behind them -- they get your GPS location, as well as a dozen other device identifiers (such as the fact that you're cheating on your wife).

In Europe, there is a thing that protects web users from "leaking" their personal data every time they access the internet. It's called the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and it says that any website that holds in a database user information -- any user information, like usernames and passwords -- they have to disclose that to the user. Even if they're going to use cookies on their site (to track you), they have to disclose that, and they have to be clear about how they're getting your information and what they will do with, like who else they'll give it to (and how much they charge for it jk).

This complaint, however, says that the advertising companies use policies that are straight-incomprehensible. And then they say they are "out of control." Pretty intense accusations.

***
Again, as an American reading this, I am struck because well, these accusations point to behavior that is totally normal and acceptable in the United States. There is no GDPR here. Advertising companies make money and the websites make money, and we love money, shit. If they do it by exploiting the massive data-collecting and profile-building opportunity that is the internet, then they are entrepreneurs.

Europeans are outraged. Americans however, meh. When the news broke that the NSA was conducting a panoptical surveillance operation on the entire nation's population, and under the direction of and coordinated by the government, folks didn't seem to mind.

If the general commercial industry is doing it too, not a problem. And that's the perspective you get when reading a foreign country's news, you get to turn the camera back on yourself. The country that believes in freedom at all costs and in all ways, they've got nothing to hide, and so they don't worry about these things. 

***
How about the Internet of Things, where your house is like there is no more internet; I am the internet now. Here's a current example from a company that connects your doorbell to the internet. They're getting riffed for sending personal data about the user to third parties with names like Crashalytics, which sounds helpful, and also to "deep-linking platforms" which sounds a bit ominous.
What do they get?
  • full name
  • email addresses
  • app settings
  • time zone
  • device model
  • screen resolution
  • IP address
  • magnetometer
  • gyroscope
  • accelerometer
  • "a number of unique identifiers"
  • *Google-owned Crashalytics - an amount of customer data "yet to be determined" -link
Notes:
Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF)
International non-profit digital-rights group based in the U.S.

Ring doorbell 'gives Facebook and Google user data'
Jan 2020, BBC News

Friday, July 12, 2019

Fuhgeddaboutit


The Right to Be Forgotten was an interesting turn. Something tells me that Forgetting will be big business pretty soon. As we reach a point of data saturation, we're now trying to come up with ways to not have "absolute data".

Amazon digital assistant Alexa gets new skill: amnesia
May 2019, phys.org

Microsoft deletes massive face recognition database
Jun 2019, BBC News

Interesting idea - deleting an online database:

"You can't make a data set disappear," Adam Harvey from the Megapixels site told Engadget."Once you post it, and people download it, it exists on hard drives all over the world."


Post Script
Researchers erase fearful memories in mice
AAAS, Aug 2014