Showing posts with label quantum things. Show all posts
Showing posts with label quantum things. Show all posts

Tuesday, July 14, 2026

Chances Are It's Not Majorana Fermions


Mentions of Majorana fermions don't happen often. They're exceptional, but elusive. In fact, they're so exceptional, that anyone who says they found one gets insta-hype. But they're so elusive that most people who say they found one are in fact lying.

For example, IBM says they found them. That was a lie. In fairness, the scientists are not lying in the absolute sense, they're excited and thus biased, because they think they found the holy grail of quantum computing. Companies, on the other hand, don't care so much about scientific integrity, and will make announcements with no intent to vet their veracity. The bigger the potential stock price increase, the less vetting. And so every few years, we get an announcement, usually by IBM, that they found the Majorana fermion, followed by a stock price increase, and then followed, usually much later, like years later, by a retraction, as in this case: Zhang, H., Liu, CX., Gazibegovic, S. et al. Retraction Note: Quantized Majorana conductance. Nature 591, E30 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03373-x

In this (unrelated?) case below, not from a starry-eyed tech company, the news goes like this:
They created a classical, room-temperature liquid-crystal system, opening the door to a brand-new field that the scientists call time liquid crystallinity, where fluid-like materials can be organized over time rather than just in space, and that invokes the Majorana spirits. 

Scientists catch classical space-time crystals moving like Majorana quasiparticles
Jun 2026, phys.org

To achieve this, the team took a liquid-crystal material—similar to the fluid used in smartphones and television screens—and doped it with ionic substances. They then applied a rhythmic, repeating electrical signal to the fluid. But that caused period doubling, driven by the motion of tiny, localized structures in the fluid called topological solitons and disclinations. 

These shifting states behave exactly like the particle-antiparticle pairs of Majorana particles, a famous, elusive class of quantum particles that are their own antiparticles. In this system, they serve as a classical, real-world analog of these quantum objects.

Time Liquid Crystallinity - where fluid-like materials can be organized over time rather than just in space

via Hiroshima University and University of Colorado: Hanqing Zhao et al, Emergent discrete space-time crystal of Majorana-like quasiparticles in chiral liquid crystals, Nature Communications (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-70880-8

Totally Unrelated Image credit: Anomalous Galaxy Grid
--Source: Identifying astrophysical anomalies in 99.6 million source cutouts from the Hubble legacy archive using AnomalyMatch. David O’Ryan and Pablo Gómez. A&A, 704 (2025) A227. DOI: 

Thursday, January 9, 2025

Body Problems


Many Body is the New Three-Body:

Fluctuating hydrodynamics theory could describe chaotic many-body systems, study suggests
Sep 2024, phys.org

"The entire behavior of a system may be determined by a single quantity: the diffusion constant - even though the physics are very complex and chaotic at the microscopic level." This is similar to how we measure the randomness of fluctuating hydrodynamics. 

The team prepared a quantum system of ultracold cesium atoms in optical lattices in a non-equilibrium initial state and then let it evolve freely, so they could measure it. They found that despite their microscopic complexity, these systems can be described simply as a macroscopic diffusion process - similar to Brownian motion.

via Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich: Julian F. Wienand et al, Emergence of fluctuating hydrodynamics in chaotic quantum systems, Nature Physics (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02611-z

Totally unrelated image credit: SARS-CoV-2 blocking expression of interferons - NIAD NIH - Aug 2024


Researcher discusses a new type of collective interference effect
Sep 2024, phys.org

In our interference scenario, the particles' entanglement bridges the spatial gap between separate interferometers, introducing an interference pattern that depends on the overall quantum state of all the particles involved, and is inaccessible when one or more particles are excluded from the dynamics.

So interference patterns are influenced not only by the quantum states of the individual particles but also by the entanglement shared among some of them (like the total state).

via Department of Experimental Physics at University of Innsbruck, University of Freiburg, and Heriot-Watt University UK: Tommaso Faleo et al, Entanglement-induced collective many-body interference, Science Advances (2024). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp9030


Thursday, October 3, 2024

Quantum Always


Physicists demonstrate first metro-area quantum computer network in Boston
May 2024, phys.org

Quantums now in the US, the last one was in China:

Using existing Boston-area telecommunication fiber, their photons were deployed over a roughly 22-mile loop through Cambridge, Somerville, Watertown, and Boston, with quantum computers at the nodes.

via Harvard: Mikhail Lukin, Entanglement of nanophotonic quantum memory nodes in a telecom network, Nature (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07252-z.



A place to study qubits shielded from the effects of cosmic rays
Jun 2024, phys.org

QUIET and LOUD - a pair of quantum sensors, one above ground and one under. 

via Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and the National Quantum Initiative


A framework to construct quantum spherical codes
Jun 2024, phys.org

Photonic quantum coding theory:

All quantum codes require the superposition of something, and Albert and his colleagues realized that it made sense to superimpose well-separated points on a sphere. Their framework builds on a previously proposed method to map electromagnetic signals of any frequency into points on a sphere.

"There is an old and very general technique by the founder of information theory, Claude Shannon, that maps an arbitrary electromagnetic signal of fixed amplitude but of any frequency into a point on the sphere," Albert explained. "This means that efficiently sending classical information using light boils down to packing as many points on the sphere as possible while making sure that noise does not cause them to overlap."

via NIST and University of Maryland: Shubham P. Jain et al, Quantum spherical codes, Nature Physics (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02496-y


Pseudomagic quantum states: A path to quantum supremacy
Jun 2024, phys.org

Don't even bother to understand, just know magic states: 

A stabilizer state is a type of quantum state that can be efficiently simulated on a classical computer, and nonstabilizerness or magic refers to a measure of the non-classical resources possessed by a quantum state.

Pseudomagic quantum states appear to have the properties of nonstabilizer states (complexity and non-classical operations) but are computationally indistinguishable from random quantum states, at least to an observer with limited computational resources.

via Harvard University and Freie Universität Berlin: Andi Gu et al, Pseudomagic Quantum States, Physical Review Letters (2024). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.210602.


Quantum annealer improves understanding of quantum many-body systems
Jun 2024, phys.org 

They used a quantum annealer to model a real-life quantum material and showed that the quantum annealer can directly mirror the microscopic interactions of electrons in the material.

In this study, the scientists investigated the quantum material 1T-TaS2.

"We have placed the system in a non-equilibrium state and observed how the electrons in the solid-state lattice rearrange themselves after a non-equilibrium phase transition, both experimentally and through simulations."

The scientists demonstrated that the quantum annealer's qubit interconnections can directly mirror the microscopic interactions between electrons in a quantum material. Only one single parameter in the quantum annealer must be modified. The outcome aligns closely with the experimental findings.

via Forschungszentrum Jülich Supercomputing Center and D-Wave: Jaka Vodeb et al, Non-equilibrium quantum domain reconfiguration dynamics in a two-dimensional electronic crystal and a quantum annealer, Nature Communications (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49179-z

Wednesday, May 3, 2023

Reality Engines


All procedural generation of artificially intelligent content starts with a random number, which is like the seed from which all the rest grows, and that way each one can be different, and unique. But as our computers become more intelligent, that number isn't random enough. 

The problem is that randomness is not an absolute thing, and it's easily described by the law of large numbers -- Flip a coin 100 times and you have a 50% chance of it landing on heads (or 100% chance of 0.5 heads!), but flip it 1 trillion trillion times and it's no longer 50% but some different number caused by any variations in the system, like the printing on the respective faces of the coin adding extra weight to one side, or the flipping mechanism having its own pattern, or even errors in identifying, where one side is more commonly misidentified as the other -- After trillions of coin flips, other variables sneak in, and they take away the randomness. 

As our technology gets more sensitive and also more complex, it creates more spaces for these variables to sneak into the randomness. 

And we can't be each having non-random reality instantiations. That would be like two people having been given the same bank account number, but for their whole reality, and the multiple realities that we'll be living in all at the same time, soon enough. Imagine if your digital twin got mixed up with someone else's, and your automated medication regimen executed by ingestible programmable drug delivery nanobots changes in accordance with the other person's digital twin, but for your body, and now you're dead. 

That's not something we want to roll the dice with. 


Quantum random number generator sets benchmark for size, performance
Jul 2021, phys.org

via American Institute of Physics: "18.8 Gbps real-time quantum random number generator with a photonic integrated chip," Applied Physics Letters (2021). DOI: 10.1063/5.0056027


Researchers use tiny magnetic swirls to generate true random numbers
Feb 2022, phys.org

Brown University: Kang Wang et al, Single skyrmion true random number generator using local dynamics and interaction between skyrmions, Nature Communications (2022). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28334-4


Using quantum fluctuations to generate random numbers faster
Apr 2023, phys.org

via Ghent University Interuniversity Microelectronics Center, Technical University of Denmark and Politecnico & Università di Bari: Cédric Bruynsteen et al, 100-Gbit/s Integrated Quantum Random Number Generator Based on Vacuum Fluctuations, PRX Quantum (2023). DOI: 10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.010330



Monday, March 13, 2023

Selling Words on Ebay



Scientists discover mechanism plants use to control 'mouths'
Dec 2022, phys.org

Just plant mouths.

via University of California San Diego: Yohei Takahashi et al, Stomatal CO2/bicarbonate Sensor Consists of Two Interacting Protein Kinases, Raf-like HT1 and non-kinase-activity requiring MPK12/MPK4, Science Advances (2022). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq6161.

Accelerating tactile communication with skin-attached telehaptics
Dec 2022, phys.org

Yes telehaptic.

But wait -- "can measure and reproduce materials such as cotton, polyester, and spandex, as well as the shape of convexly protruding letter surfaces and the dynamic feeling of plastic rods rolling on the fingertips." It can make you feel the feel of cotton. That's called high-resolution haptics. 

via National Research Council of Science & Technology Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute: Hanbit Jin et al, Highly pixelated, untethered tactile interfaces for an ultra-flexible on-skin telehaptic system, npj Flexible Electronics (2022). DOI: 10.1038/s41528-022-00216-1


Wireless, ultrathin 'skin VR' to provide a vivid, personalized touch experience in the virtual world
Dec 2022, phys.org

Virtual touching, aka Skin VR

via City University of Hong Kong: Kuanming Yao et al, Encoding of tactile information in hand via skin-integrated wireless haptic interface, Nature Machine Intelligence (2022). DOI: 10.1038/s42256-022-00543-y


Meta-optics: The disruptive technology you didn't see coming
Dec 2022, phys.org

Meta-optics

The field, which blossomed after the early 2000s thanks to the conceptualization of a material with negative refractive index that could form a perfect lens, has grown rapidly in the last five years and now sees around 3000 publications a year.

This accelerating volume of research is impossible for scientists and technologists to navigate, which prompted Nature Photonics to commission a review from leaders in meta-optics research.

They found the field was on the verge of industrial disruption.

The first commercial components using these properties are already on the market, with companies such as Metalenz, NILT technologies and Meta Materials Inc delivering flat metalenses, polarization imaging, microscopy and biosensing.

via ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems: Dragomir Neshev, Enabling smart vision with metasurfaces, Nature Photonics (2022). DOI: 10.1038/s41566-022-01126-4


The first lab-created 'quantum abacus'
Feb 2023, phys.org
https://phys.org/news/2023-02-lab-created-quantum-abacus.html

Not just the Quantum Abacus, but also the Holographic Lasers and Light Traps - Using sophisticated holographic experimental techniques, they were then able to create light traps with intensity profiles corresponding to the first 15 prime numbers and the first 10 lucky numbers.

via International School of Advanced Studies, University of Trieste, and the University of Saint Andrews: Donatella Cassettari et al, Holographic realization of the prime number quantum potential, PNAS Nexus (2022). DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac279 


Researchers devise a new path toward 'quantum light'
Feb 2023, phys.org

Quantum Light - new state of light, which has controllable quantum properties over a broad range of frequencies, up as high as X-ray frequencies

via University of Camridge: Nicholas Rivera, Light emission from strongly driven many-body systems, Nature Physics (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41567-022-01910-7


An illuminated water droplet creates an 'optical atom'
Jan 2023, phys.org

Optical Atom - when a beam of light is shone into a water droplet, rays of light bounce off the inner wall of the water droplet over and over again, going around and around inside the droplet; when its circumference is a multiple of the light's wavelength, a resonance phenomenon occurs, making the droplet shine brighter; when the droplet shrinks due to evaporation, it appears to flash every time its size is right to create the resonance phenomenon, and in a way similar to what occurs when an electron is emitted from an atom when illuminated by light of varying wavelengths; it's then a 100,00x model of an atom

via University of Gothenburg: Javier Tello Marmolejo et al, Fano Combs in the Directional Mie Scattering of a Water Droplet, Physical Review Letters (2023). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.043804

Thursday, March 24, 2022

Collapsing the Quantum Paradigm


Does relativity lie at the source of quantum exoticism?
Apr 2020, phys.org

No way; this paper, from a theoretical physicist at University of Warsaw (and who Wired is calling a rebel physicist), makes a claim that I'm finding hard to believe. It's not the claim that's hard to digest, it's the fact that it's so simple. 

They're telling us that if we just accept the fact that Einstein is wrong, and that there are things in the universe that travel faster than the speed of light, then quantum mechanics and relativistic physics can all get along just fine. 

"Einstein considered the second postulate (constant velocity of light) to be crucial. In reality, what is crucial is the principle of relativity."

Things move at three speeds -- at subluminal velocities, at the velocity of light, and at superluminal velocities.

Today, we say that the third option is magical thinking; not a part of reality. 

But listen -- 

If in one system at point A there is generation of a superluminal particle, even completely predictable, emitted towards point B, where there is simply no information about the reasons for the emission, then from the point of view of the observer in the second system events run from point B to point A, so they start from a completely unpredictable event. 

"We noticed, incidentally, the possibility of an interesting interpretation of the role of individual dimensions. In the system that looks superluminal to the observer some space-time dimensions seem to change their physical roles. Only one dimension of superluminal light has a spatial character —- the one along which the particle moves. The other three dimensions appear to be time dimensions," says Dr. Dragan.

A characteristic feature of spatial dimensions is that a particle can move in any direction or remain at rest, while in a time dimension it always propagates in one direction (what we call aging in everyday language). So, three time dimensions of the superluminal system with one spatial dimension (1+3) would thus mean that particles inevitably age in three times simultaneously. The ageing process of a particle in a superluminal system (1+3), observed from a subluminal system (3+1), would look as if the particle was moving like a spherical wave, leading to the famous Huygens principle (every point on a wavefront can be treated itself as a source of a new spherical wave) and corpuscular-wave dualism.

"All the strangeness that appears when considering solutions relating to a system that looks superluminal turns out to be no stranger than what commonly accepted and experimentally verified quantum theory has long been saying. On the contrary, taking into account a superluminal system, it is possible -— at least theoretically —- to derive some of the postulates of quantum mechanics from the special theory of relativity, which were usually accepted as not resulting from other, more fundamental reasons," Dr. Dragan concludes.

via Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Warsaw; Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore; Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford: Andrzej Dragan and Artur Ekert, Quantum principle of relativity, New Journal of Physics (2020). DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/ab76f7

Just get over it -- things move faster than light, and you'll never be able to see them (not until you trade-in your meatbag body-capsule for an unencumbered and fully liberated constellation of semi-sentient, self-swarming photon clouds).


Tuesday, March 22, 2022

The Quantum Object


Physicists bring human-scale object to near standstill, reaching a quantum state
June 2021, phys.org

I am officially reading science fiction in real time. I have to copy directly from the article to translate the full impact.

But first, a small bit of background -- to stabilize a single pair of entangled photons, even at absolute zero temperatures, has been one of the most important and mind-boggling achievements in science ever. This article is NOT talking about single photons, but macroscopic collections of atoms, an octillion of atoms.

It's the approach that's even more staggering:

Now for the first time, scientists at MIT and elsewhere have cooled a large, human-scale object to close to its motional ground state. The object isn't tangible in the sense of being situated at one location, but is the combined motion of four separate objects, each weighing about 40 kilograms. The "object" that the researchers cooled has an estimated mass of about 10 kilograms, and comprises about 1x1026, or nearly 1 octillion, atoms.

The researchers took advantage of the ability of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) to measure the motion of the masses with extreme precision and super-cool the collective motion of the masses to 77 nanokelvins, just shy of the object's predicted ground state of 10 nanokelvins.

The scientists say they now have a chance to observe the effect of gravity on a massive quantum object.

"Nobody has ever observed how gravity acts on massive quantum states," says Vivishek Sudhir, assistant professor of mechanical engineering at MIT, who directed the project.

via Massachusetts Institute of Technology: C. Whittle el al., "Approaching the motional ground state of a 10-kg object," Science (2021). DOI: 10.1126/science.abh2634