Showing posts with label future building. Show all posts
Showing posts with label future building. Show all posts

Friday, June 5, 2026

Make Stuff Up

 

A clearer future: Researchers unveil transparent, plastic-free wood
Feb 2026, phys.org

There was a lot of work coming out related to wood, like black wood, clear wood, wood stronger than steel, and I'm not sure what happened to all that. 

Wood is normally opaque because it contains lignin and countless microscopic air cavities called lumens, which scatter light. Removing lignin turns wood white and translucent but achieving true transparency has been challenging.

The research team focused on delignified wood treated with potassium hydroxide (KOH). They discovered that alkali treatment removes most of the remaining hemicellulose and changes the chemical state of carboxyl groups in the cell walls. These changes soften the wood's internal cellulose microfibril skeleton. When the treated wood is dried, the softened cell walls collapse more completely, reducing internal air gaps and dramatically decreasing light scattering. As a result, the material becomes highly transparent—without polymer impregnation or plastic additives.

via University of Osaka: Hitomi Yagyu et al, Anisotropic Transparency of Alkali‐Treated Wood, Macromolecular Materials and Engineering (2026). DOI: 10.1002/mame.202500389



AI-designed diffractive optical processors pave the way for low-power structural health monitoring
Mar 2026, phys.org

Probably read carefully, this is complicated.

Structural Health Monitoring - Instead of relying on traditional sensor networks that digitize raw physical signals, the new system uses a passive, optimized diffractive layer attached to the target structure. As the structure oscillates, this optimized diffractive surface moves, modulating an incoming illuminating wave to encode the structural displacements into light, which is then captured by a few optical detectors and rapidly decoded by a low-power neural network.

via UCLA Engineering Institute for Technology Advancement: Yuntian Wang et al, Structural vibration monitoring with diffractive optical processors, Science Advances (2026). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aea1712


What Chinese characters can tell us about designing strong materials
Apr 2026, phys.org

So what about graffiti?

"Certain Chinese characters have strong, distinctive geometries, and these are shapes that 'felt' like they could exhibit unique mechanical properties and behaviors." 

The presence of curves, crossbeams, and gradation, and the fact that they fit into discrete square cells makes Chinese characters especially fit for creating functional, structural unit cells.

via American Institute of Physics and University of Edinburgh: Mechanical metamaterials built from Chinese characters, The Journal of Applied Physics (2026). DOI: 10.1063/5.0304459


Texas startup uses robots to build homes out of clay and soil
May 2026, KXAN Austin

Startup Terran Robotics - they're literally grabbing dirt from the ground at the site and using it to build the house, using robots to do "rammed earth" construction, which is, interestingly, also the building style most often used in the self-sustainable Earthships of the American Southwest. 


How cement 'breathes in' and stores millions of tons of CO₂ a year
Dec 2025, phys.org

The cement in U.S. buildings and infrastructure sequesters over 6.5 million metric tons of CO2 annually. This corresponds to roughly 13% of the process emissions in U.S. cement manufacturing. In Mexico, the same building stock sequesters about 5 million tons a year.

A concrete highway in Dallas sequesters CO2 differently than Mexico City apartments made from concrete masonry units (CMUs). A foundation slab buried under the snow in Fairbanks, Alaska, "breathes in" CO2 at a different pace entirely.

"Carbon uptake is very sensitive to context. Four major factors drive it: the type of cement used, the product we make with it (concrete, CMUs, or mortar), the geometry of the structure, and the climate and conditions it's exposed to. Even within the same structure, uptake can vary five-fold between different elements."

"We observed something unique about Mexico: Despite using half the cement that the U.S. does, the country has three-quarters of the uptake. This is because Mexico makes more use of mortar and lower-strength concrete, and bagged cement mixed on-site. These practices are why their uptake sequesters about a quarter of their cement manufacturing emissions."

"Increasing the amount of surface area exposed to air accelerates uptake and can be achieved by foregoing painting or tiling, or choosing designs like waffle slabs with a higher surface area-to-volume ratio. Additionally, avoiding unnecessarily stronger, less-porous concrete mixtures than required would speed up uptake while using less cement."

via MIT Concrete Sustainability Hub: Hessam AzariJafari et al, Carbon uptake dynamics of cement-based materials: Linking market structure, material use, and the carbon cycle, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2025). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2515116122

Saturday, December 6, 2025

Its Passageways My Veins

Here are some advances in building science.

But first, I think that picture above is a real photo, of something that sounds like an artificial tree, and you can read about it in the first article below. Image credit: Picoplanktonics large-format photosynthetic objects - Valentina Mori for Biennale di Venezia - 2025

Photosynthetic living material uses bacteria to capture CO₂ in two different ways
Jun 2025, phys.org

The 3-meter-high, tree-trunk-like object can bind about as much as a 20 year old pine tree. 
They stably incorporated photosynthetic cyanobacteria into a printable gel material that grows while removing carbon from the air, and requires only sunlight, artificial seawater with readily available nutrients, and CO2.

via ETH Zurich: Dalia Dranseike et al, Dual carbon sequestration with photosynthetic living materials, Nature Communications (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58761-y


Living fungus-based building material repairs itself for over a month
Apr 2025, phys.org

Materials made from organisms that are still alive. That is all.

via Montana State University: Mycelium as a scaffold for biomineralized engineered living materials, Cell Reports Physical Science (2025). DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2025.102517


Physics reveals the optimal roof ratios for energy efficiency
Apr 2025, phys.org

Based on the physics of these airflows and heat transfer, if a roof peak is shorter than roughly three feet, it should be about three or four times wider than it is tall to minimize heat loss. And if a roof peak is taller than three feet, it should be an equilateral triangle with a height-to-width ratio of one.

via Duke University: A. Bejan et al, Why people shape roofs the same way, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer (2025). DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108909


Passive cooling paint sweats off heat to deliver 10X cooling and 30% energy savings
Jun 2025, phys.org

Not so much paint but a carpet that can get wet thereby using evaporative cooling:
What truly set CCP-30 paint apart was its self-replenishing ability—absorbing water from rain and atmospheric moisture to sustain evaporative cooling over time—without compromising how the paint interacts with light when wet.

via Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology: Jipeng Fei et al, Passive cooling paint enabled by rational design of thermal-optical and mass transfer properties, Science (2025). DOI: 10.1126/science.adt3372

Sustainable cooling film could slash building energy use by 20% amid rising global temperatures
Jun 2025, phys.org

It's a bioplastic metafilm constructed from polylactic acid (PLA) using a low-temperature separation technique that reflects 98.7% of sunlight and minimizes heat gain.

via University of South Australia and Zhengzhou University in China: Yangzhe Hou et al, A structural bioplastic metafilm for durable passive radiative cooling, Cell Reports Physical Science (2025). DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2025.102664


Beyond shade: Researchers improve radiant cooling to make outdoor temperatures feel cooler
Jul 2025, phys.org

They used water-cooled aluminum panels and see-through, infrared-reflective thin polymer film, which allows both efficient cooling and visibility.

The team constructed a nearly 10-by-10-foot "tent" and also painted the inward-facing side of the panels black to absorb incidental heat, such as body heat from people within the structure. 

The researchers found that their structure had a mean radiant temperature of about 78 degrees F. This was not only lower than the ambient air temperature of approximately 84 degrees but also more than 10 degrees cooler than the mean radiant temperature of about 90 degrees that a person would have otherwise experienced due to heat radiating from surrounding surfaces.

via UCLA: David E. Abraham et al, Efficient outdoor thermal comfort via radiant cooling and infrared-reflective walls, Nature Sustainability (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41893-025-01558-0


Self-cleaning glass uses electric field to remove dust particles within seconds
Aug 2025, phys.org

The transparent, coverable self-cleaning glass uses a square wave electrical signal (5 kV, 10 Hz) on a sandwich-like structure with a quartz glass base layer, etched with indium tin oxide electrodes, and then a polyethylene glycol terephthalate film placed as an insulating dielectric layer

via State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Coal-Fired Air Pollution Control at Zhejiang University in Hangzhou: Meng Yang et al, Coverable Self‐Cleaning Glass via Abnormal Transport and Jump of Charged Particles, Advanced Science (2025). DOI: 10.1002/advs.202509404


Novel cement lets buildings cool themselves
Aug 2025, phys.org

They created a cement that reflects light and emits heat instead of absorbing it, using tiny reflective crystals of a mineral called ettringite on its surface; the crystals were made by pouring the cement into a silicon mold covered in holes that created depressions in the cement's surface where the ettringite crystals could grow.

via Southeast University's Department of Materials Science and Engineering, China: Guo Lu et al, Scalable metasurface-enhanced supercool cement, Science Advances (2025). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adv2820

Living cement: Scientists turn bacteria-infused cement into energy-storing supercapacitors
Sep 2025, phys.org

They add Shewanella oneidensis, a bacterium known for its ability to transfer electrons to external surfaces via so-called extracellular electron transfer. Once embedded in the cement matrix, these bacteria create a network of charge carriers capable of both storing and releasing electrical energy.  Because microbial activity gradually fades due to nutrient depletion or environmental stress, the researchers designed an integrated microfluidic network within the cement that can deliver a nutrient solution containing proteins, vitamins, salts and growth factors to keep the bacteria alive or "reawaken" the system.

via Aarhus University: Living microbial cement supercapacitors with reactivatable energy storage, Cell Reports Physical Science (2025). DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2025.102810.


Silver-nanoring coating points to 'self-regulating' smart windows—without power or tinting
Sep 2025, phys.org

The microscopic silver rings increasingly block near-infrared light as sunlight becomes stronger—without making the glass less transparent.

via Aarhus University Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center: Xavier Baami González et al, Thermoplasmonic Nanorings for Passive Solar‐Responsive Smart Windows in Energy‐Efficient Building Applications, Advanced Functional Materials (2025). DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202518295


World's first mushroom-powered waterless toilet appears in botanical garden
Sep 2025, phys.org

The MycoToilet - At the back, a system separates liquid from solid waste. Solid waste enters a mycelium-lined compartment, where fungi absorb odors and microbes break it down into compost.

via University of British Columbia: http://www.ubc.ca/


New air filter could turn every building into a carbon sink
Oct 2025, phys.org

Nanofibers coated with polyethylenimine polymer makes a carbon sponge that can be cleaned by solar heating or low-energy electricity methods.

via University of Chicago and Nanyang Technological University: Ronghui Wu et al, Distributed direct air capture by carbon nanofiber air filters, Science Advances (2025). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adv6846


An edible fungus could make paper and fabric liquid-proof
Oct 2025, phys.org

Post PFAS world:
Researchers first blended T. versicolor mycelia with a nutrient-rich solution of cellulose nanofibrils. They applied thin layers of the mixture to denim, polyester felt, birch wood veneer and two types of paper, letting the fungus grow. Placing the samples in an oven for one day inactivated the fungus and allowed the coating to dry. It blocks water, oil and grease absorption, because the surface of mycelium naturally repels water.

The best part?
It changes their colors, forming mottled yellow, orange or tan patterns.

via University of Maine: Sandro Zier et al, Growing Sustainable Barrier Coatings from Edible Fungal Mycelia, Langmuir (2025). DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c03185


Cooling paint harvests water from thin air
Nov 2025, phys.org

Porous polymer coating made of polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene (PVDF-HFP) that reflects up to 97% of sunlight and radiates heat into the air, keeping surfaces up to 6° cooler than the surrounding air even under direct sun. ... By removing UV-absorbing materials, we overcome the traditional limit in solar reflectivity while avoiding glare through diffuse reflection.

via University of Sydney and Dewpoint Innovations: Ming Chiu et al, Passively Cooled Paint‐Like Coatings for Atmospheric Water Capture, Advanced Functional Materials (2025). DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202519108

Wednesday, January 8, 2025

On the Misunderstandings of Thermodynamics


Thermodynamics is hard. 

The very concept of the green roof is an abomination, because it's antithetical to the purpose of a roof to begin with - a green roof is literally storing water on top of the building, on purpose. Roofs are sloped and bound by drainage systems to get the water out as thoroughly and quickly as possible. Water is the enemy, and yet with a  green roof, we're inviting it into the building on purpose. Sounds cool, looks cool, dumbest thing ever.

But then again, cool roofs are also a problem. One of the ways a building gets rid of unintended and uncontrolled water intrusion is through the silent, invisible power of the stack effect (heat rises). A hot roof facilitates and amplifies this stack effect, cooking-out excess moisture that gets into the interstitial spaces in a building. You can make a building as perfect as possible, but water will get in there, because that's what it does, and because nothing is perfect. 

What can sometimes appear like a deficit (roofs get too hot) can actually be an integral part of the overall design (ridding excess moisture). 

This is similar to highly efficient (almost magically efficient) ambient heat pumps - they only use the exact amount of energy needed. Traditional air conditioners are over-designed in that they cool the air way more than they need to. But for hot and humid climates, this has the benefit of removing moisture from the air. A modern, magical heat pump that removes the heat but not the moisture, does not make a comfortable indoor environment, and could actually lead to unintended side effects like mold growth. 


Cool roofs outperform green roofs in urban climate modeling study
July 2024, phys.org

A three-dimensional urban climate model of Greater London tested the thermal effects of different passive and active urban heat management systems, including painted "cool roofs," rooftop solar panels, green roofs, ground level tree vegetation and air conditioning during the two hottest days of the summer of 2018, and found that if adopted widely throughout London, cool roofs could reduce outdoor temperatures across the city about 1.2 C up to 2 C.

Other systems, such as extensive street-level vegetation or solar panels would provide a smaller net cooling effect, only about 0.3 degrees C on average across London, though they offer other environmental benefits. Similarly, while green roofs offer benefits like water drainage and wildlife habitats, their net cooling effect on the city was found to be negligible on average.

Though on average the effect of green roofs was negligible, the researchers found that their effect on temperature varied significantly throughout the day. During the warmest times of day, the wide adoption of green roofs could lower urban temperatures by an average of 0.5 degrees C. However, this would be offset overnight as the thermal mass from the roofs would retain daytime heat, releasing when the sun was down and increasing night-time temperatures by about the same amount.

via University College London: Cool roofs could be most effective at reducing outdoor urban temperatures in London compared with other roof top and vegetation interventions: a mesoscale urban climate modelling study, Geophysical Research Letters (2024). DOI: 10.1029/2024GL109634

Research shows how common plastics could passively cool and heat buildings with the seasons
Jun 2024, phys.org

Roofs and walls are not the same. Roofs have a clear view of the sky, where they can radiate their heat upwards. Walls can't radiate upwards, they're blocked by other things, and they absorb a lot of heat from surrounding buildings and pavement. They're also affected by different "kinds" of heat:

Radiant heat moves from buildings to the sky in a narrow portion of the infrared spectrum known as the atmospheric transmission window, so the researchers call this narrowband. At ground level, radiant heat moves across the entire infrared spectrum, and the researchers call that broadband.

"By coating walls and windows with materials that only radiate or absorb heat in the atmospheric window (like propylene), we can reduce broadband heat gain from the ground in the summer, and loss in the winter, while maintaining the cooling effect of the sky.

via Oak Ridge National Lab, Arizona State University, Princeton and UCLA: Radiative Cooling and Thermoregulation in the Earth's Glow, Cell Reports Physical Science (2024). DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102065.

New fabric makes urban heat islands more bearable
Jun 2024, phys.org

Only hats, shoulder coverings and the tops of shoes - about 3% of clothing - face direct sunlight. The other 97% of are being heated by thermal radiation from the sides and below.

"Solar is visible light, thermal radiation is infrared, so they have different wavelengths. That means you need to have a material that has two optical properties at the same time."

In tests under the Arizona sun, the material kept 2.3 C (4.1 F) cooler than the broadband emitter fabric used for outdoor endurance sports and 8.9 C (16 F) cooler than the commercialized silk commonly used for shirts, dresses and other summer clothing.

via University of Chicago: Ronghui Wu et al, Spectrally engineered textile for radiative cooling against urban heat islands, Science (2024). DOI: 10.1126/science.adl0653

Monday, January 6, 2025

Neologistics and the Built Environment


Every breakthrough brings new words with it:

UK breakthrough could slash cement CO2 emissions
May 2024, BBC News

Electric cement - reactivated recycled cement using an electric arc furnace powered by the slag that was originally used to recycle steel, and via the Cambridge University's Department of Engineering.

Transparent metamaterial for energy-efficient regulation in building can clean itself like a lotus leaf
May 2024, phys.org

Polymer-based micro-photonic multi-functional metamaterial - made of microscopic pyramids of silicone and allows sunlight to enter, maintains a more comfortable indoor climate without additional energy, and cleans itself like a lotus leaf. 

via Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Light Technology Institute: Gan Huang et al, Radiative cooling and indoor light management enabled by a transparent and self-cleaning polymer-based metamaterial, Nature Communications (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48150-2

Image credit: A jet of particles moving at nearly light speed emerges from a massive star in this artist’s concept. The star’s core ran out of fuel and collapsed into a black hole. Some of the matter swirling toward the black hole was redirected into dual jets firing in opposite directions. We see a gamma-ray burst when one of these jets happens to point directly at Earth. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab

New material records mechanical stress through luminescence
Jun 2024, phys.org

Mechanoluminescent materials - exhibit luminescence when mechanically stimulated by recording mechanical stress history through a luminescent effect called an afterglow, which is stored for a long time, and uses a power supply of Pr-doped Li0.12Na0.88NbO3 (LNNO) applied to the surface and then irradiated with a flashlight.

via Tohoku University: Tomoki Uchiyama et al, Direct recording and reading of mechanical force by afterglow evaluation of multi-piezo mechanoluminescent material Li0.12Na0.88NbO3 on well-designed morphotropic phase boundary, Applied Physics Letters (2024). DOI: 10.1063/5.0209065


Newly created super-black wood can improve telescopes, optical devices and consumer goods
Jul 2024, phys.org

Nxylon - Thanks to an accidental discovery, researchers at the University of British Columbia have created a new super-black material that absorbs almost all light. They were experimenting with high-energy plasma to make wood more water-repellent. However, when they applied the technique to the cut ends of wood cells, the surfaces turned extremely black.

The team named and trademarked their discovery Nxylon (niks-uh-lon), after Nyx, the Greek goddess of the night, and xylon, the Greek word for wood. It's made from basswood, a tree widely found in North America. It can replace expensive and rare black woods like ebony and rosewood for watchfaces, and it can be used in jewelry to replace the black gemstone onyx.

via University of British Columbia: Kenneth J. Cheng et al, Super‐Black Material Created by Plasma Etching Wood, Advanced Sustainable Systems (2024). DOI: 10.1002/adsu.202400184