Showing posts with label paradigm shifting. Show all posts
Showing posts with label paradigm shifting. Show all posts

Tuesday, July 14, 2026

Chances Are It's Not Majorana Fermions


Mentions of Majorana fermions don't happen often. They're exceptional, but elusive. In fact, they're so exceptional, that anyone who says they found one gets insta-hype. But they're so elusive that most people who say they found one are in fact lying.

For example, IBM says they found them. That was a lie. In fairness, the scientists are not lying in the absolute sense, they're excited and thus biased, because they think they found the holy grail of quantum computing. Companies, on the other hand, don't care so much about scientific integrity, and will make announcements with no intent to vet their veracity. The bigger the potential stock price increase, the less vetting. And so every few years, we get an announcement, usually by IBM, that they found the Majorana fermion, followed by a stock price increase, and then followed, usually much later, like years later, by a retraction, as in this case: Zhang, H., Liu, CX., Gazibegovic, S. et al. Retraction Note: Quantized Majorana conductance. Nature 591, E30 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03373-x

In this (unrelated?) case below, not from a starry-eyed tech company, the news goes like this:
They created a classical, room-temperature liquid-crystal system, opening the door to a brand-new field that the scientists call time liquid crystallinity, where fluid-like materials can be organized over time rather than just in space, and that invokes the Majorana spirits. 

Scientists catch classical space-time crystals moving like Majorana quasiparticles
Jun 2026, phys.org

To achieve this, the team took a liquid-crystal material—similar to the fluid used in smartphones and television screens—and doped it with ionic substances. They then applied a rhythmic, repeating electrical signal to the fluid. But that caused period doubling, driven by the motion of tiny, localized structures in the fluid called topological solitons and disclinations. 

These shifting states behave exactly like the particle-antiparticle pairs of Majorana particles, a famous, elusive class of quantum particles that are their own antiparticles. In this system, they serve as a classical, real-world analog of these quantum objects.

Time Liquid Crystallinity - where fluid-like materials can be organized over time rather than just in space

via Hiroshima University and University of Colorado: Hanqing Zhao et al, Emergent discrete space-time crystal of Majorana-like quasiparticles in chiral liquid crystals, Nature Communications (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-70880-8

Totally Unrelated Image credit: Anomalous Galaxy Grid
--Source: Identifying astrophysical anomalies in 99.6 million source cutouts from the Hubble legacy archive using AnomalyMatch. David O’Ryan and Pablo Gómez. A&A, 704 (2025) A227. DOI: 

Sunday, July 12, 2026

Multigenerational Sociological Programming via Acceptance of and Enthusiasm for the Arts and its Propagation Through the Population


Last night I heard Jaron Larnier speculate that had Star Trek been on the air for ten more years, we'd be living in a different world much less akin to the inside of William Gibson's brain. Alas, the campaign below is reminiscent of, actually modeled after, attempts by a much younger America to not only communicate to its people about the possibilities of the new nation, but to support worthwhile enterprise and exploration. 


"Like Luke Skywalker's planet "Tatooine" in Star Wars, Kepler-16b orbits a pair of stars. Kepler-16b is a gas giant, like Saturn, so it would have no solid surface to stand on. The view here is of and from an imagined nearby moon. Prospects for life on this unusual world aren't good, as it has a temperature similar to that of dry ice. But the discovery indicates that the movie's iconic double-sunset is anything but science fiction." Credit: Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech science.nasa.gov/resource/where-your-shadow-always-has-company/

'Greetings from 51 Pegasi b': How NASA made exoplanets into tourist destinations
Aug 2025, phys.org

In 2015, NASA launched an unusual and brilliant exoplanet outreach campaign, offering retro-style posters, virtual guided tours, and even coloring books. The project quickly went viral worldwide. What explains the success of a campaign about a relatively young field of science that — unlike other areas of space research — lacks spectacular imagery?

Ceridwen Dovey, science communicator, writer, filmmaker, and researcher, has just published in the Journal of Science Communication a Practice Insight paper that presents a case study focusing on the Exoplanet Travel Bureau's poster campaign. Dovey describes the productive working relationships between scientists and artists that produced this standout work and shows how, in contexts like this, artists are not merely in service to science but can also inspire research itself and help scientists clarify their own thinking.

First, the available visuals: "We live in an age of extraordinary astronomical imagery — the Hubble telescope's stunning images, for instance — that everybody knows well for their beauty, color and precision," explains Dovey. "But with exoplanet science imagery, at the moment there's really not very much to see — and this is a known challenge for the communication of exoplanetary science to the general public."

"The team at the Exoplanet Travel Bureau chose to use 1930s retro-nostalgic image styles inspired by the lovely posters of National Parks like Yosemite created by the Works Progress Administration. Those campaigns sought in part to provide work after the Depression and to attract tourists to iconic national parks like Yellowstone. These posters aimed to evoke the romance of visiting these places and the kinds of nature encounters that would be possible there," explains Dovey.

Joby Harris and his team decided to create a series of posters imagining exoplanets as if they were just around the corner—your next vacation destination. A playful way to encourage the public to imagine them as real places, drawing on the aesthetics and imagery of the historic series of U.S. national park posters. However, an important issue immediately arose during the discussions between artists and scientists.

Wednesday, July 20, 2022

Oops I Accidentally Kuhned the Universe


AKA Moiré Gravity

Graphene - after many years, I still find it hard to believe that two-dimensional materials aren't talked about more in the news. Isn't the news one big hype machine? If I told you that the discovery of one single material has already been so revolutionary that it requires its own branch of science, a new branch of science, just to understand it, wouldn't you want to know more about that?

Maybe it's because companies can't make money off it yet. No, it's definitely because companies can't make money off it yet (because most news is advertising, which is paid for by the companies who make "newsworthy" things, and we're not talking about the ads, but the content itself, which is a subtle and pervasive form of advertising that some folks might call psychological operations, or just cultural indoctrination).

So I thought graphene was a big deal; I still do. But then this comes out, and now I just give up. 


Bilayer graphene inspires two-universe cosmological model
May 2022, phys.org

This is where true excitement comes from: "The pair of scientists stumbled upon this new perspective..." (i.e., accidental discovery)

They realized that experiments on the electrical properties of stacked sheets of graphene produced results that looked like little universes and that the underlying phenomenon might generalize to other areas of physics.

Stacked graphene's exceptional electrical properties and possible connection to our reality having a twin comes from the special physics produced by patterns called moiré patterns. Moiré patterns form when two repeating patterns—anything from the hexagons of atoms in graphene sheets to the grids of window screens—overlap and one of the layers is twisted, offset, or stretched.

Galitski and Parhizkar realized that the physics in two sheets of graphene could be reinterpreted as the physics of two two-dimensional universes where electrons occasionally hop between universes. 

But wait (cosmological shenanigans) - Whenever researchers attempt to use observations to approximate the cosmological constant, the value they calculate is much smaller than they would expect based on other parts of the theory. More importantly, the value jumps around dramatically depending on how much detail they include in the approximation instead of homing in on a consistent value. This lingering challenge is known as the cosmological constant problem, or sometimes the "vacuum catastrophe."

Galitski and Parhizkar created a mathematical model (which they call moiré gravity) by taking two copies of Einstein's theory of how the universe changes over time and introducing extra terms in the math that let the two copies interact. 

Playing with their model, they showed that two interacting worlds with large cosmological constants could override the expected behavior from the individual cosmological constants. The interactions produce behaviors governed by a shared effective cosmological constant that is much smaller than the individual constants. The calculation for the effective cosmological constant circumvents the problem researchers have with the value of their approximations jumping around because over time the influences from the two universes in the model cancel each other out.

This idea arose spontaneously when they were working on a seemingly unrelated project...

via Joint Quantum Institute: Alireza Parhizkar et al, Strained bilayer graphene, emergent energy scales, and moiré gravity, Physical Review Research (2022). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.L022027

Also: Alireza Parhizkar, Victor Galitski, Moiré Gravity and Cosmology. arXiv:2204.06574v1 [hep-th], arxiv.org/abs/2204.06574


And then this, completely different group of scientists, reported in the same month:

Ghostly 'mirror world' might be cause of cosmic controversy
May 2022, phys.org

New research suggests an unseen "mirror world" of particles that interacts with our world only via gravity that might be the key to solving a major puzzle in cosmology today—the Hubble constant problem.

Just a reminder: The Hubble constant is the rate of expansion of the universe today. Predictions for this rate—from cosmology's standard model—are significantly slower than the rate found by our most precise local measurements. This discrepancy is one that many cosmologists have been trying to solve by changing our current cosmological model.

"Basically, we point out that a lot of the observations we do in cosmology have an inherent symmetry under rescaling the universe as a whole. This might provide a way to understand why there appears to be a discrepancy between different measurements of the Universe's expansion rate."

"In practice, this scaling symmetry could only be realized by including a mirror world in the model—a parallel universe with new particles that are all copies of known particles," said Cyr-Racine. "The mirror world idea first arose in the 1990s but has not previously been recognized as a potential solution to the Hubble constant problem.

via University of New Mexico and University of California Davis: Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine et al, Symmetry of Cosmological Observables, a Mirror World Dark Sector, and the Hubble Constant, Physical Review Letters (2022). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.201301