Friday, December 5, 2025

To Brain is Human


It's a great time in the history of humanity to still have a brain. 

Chimeric brain models can help bridge the gap between animal studies and human neurological disorders
May 2025, phys.org

Scientists create models by transplanting human brain cells culled from stem cells into the brains of animals such as mice, thereby creating a mix of human and animal brain cells in the same brain. This environment is closer to the complexity of a living human brain than what can be simulated in a petri dish study.

via Rutgers University: Ava V. Papetti et al, Chimeric brain models: Unlocking insights into human neural development, aging, diseases, and cell therapies, Neuron (2025). DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2025.03.036



Biological Computer: Human Brain Cells on a Chip
Jun 2025, IEEE Spectrum

In a development straight out of science fiction, Australian startup Cortical Labs has released what it calls the world’s first code-deployable biological computer. The CL1, which debuted in March, fuses human brain cells on a silicon chip to process information via sub-millisecond electrical feedback loops.



Scientists detect light passing through entire human head, opening new doors for brain imaging
Jun 2025, phys.org

In case you didn't catch that - light passing through entire human head

The press article doesn't mention the method so I just copy from the main:
A pulsed laser is projected against the side of the head above the ear. Diametrically opposite the source, a demagnifying tapered fiber bundle is placed in close proximity to the scalp and redirects light to a photomultiplier tube. The PMT operates in photon counting mode, such that the detection of a photon produces an electrical pulse that can be synchronized with the laser emission to produce a photon ToF distribution using a time-correlated single-photon counting module.

University of Glasgow: Jack Radford et al, Photon transport through the entire adult human head, Neurophotonics (2025). DOI: 10.1117/1.NPh.12.2.025014


Brain-computer interface shows promise for decoding inner speech in real time
Aug 2025, phys.org

It's so good that it picks up the stuff you didn't mean to say out loud ...

The BCI was also able to pick up what some inner speech participants were never instructed to say, such as numbers when the participants were asked to tally the pink circles on the screen.

The team also demonstrated a password-controlled mechanism that would prevent the BCI from decoding inner speech unless temporarily unlocked with a chosen keyword.

via Stanford University: Inner speech in motor cortex and implications for speech neuroprostheses, Cell (2025). DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.015.
 

Thursday, December 4, 2025

How to Be a Scientist


If you're a scientist, and you're thinking 'how can I get funding for my project', maybe you should take a look at some of these studies, get some ideas. 

Chimpanzees can catch yawns from androids
Jun 2025, phys.org

My god look at these robot heads.

via Fundació Mona Primate Sanctuary in Spain: Ramiro Joly-Mascheroni, Chimpanzees yawn when observing an android yawn, Scientific Reports (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-98639-z



Plastic trash in bird nests documents the Anthropocene epoch
Mar 2025, phys.org

Plastic waste in bird nests can serve as a time capsule. Researchers of this study collected abandoned common coot nests from central Amsterdam on September 22, 2021, after the breeding season ended, and deconstructed the contents into piles of twigs and near-complete packaging materials. Each artificial item was then carefully examined for manufacturing dates, expiration dates, or any other markings that could reveal its age. The recovered packaging ranged from items like milk and avocados to chocolate packets and fast food wrappers dating back to 1996.

via Leiden University: Auke‐Florian Hiemstra et al, Birds documenting the Anthropocene: Stratigraphy of plastic in urban bird nests, Ecology (2025). DOI: 10.1002/ecy.70010


Innovative boot sock sampling reveals E. coli levels in surface soils of informal settlements
Mar 2025, phys.org

The boot socks collect dirt from outdoor areas, creating a sample that paints a more comprehensive picture of pathogen levels in soil environments. 

via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Monash: Lamiya Bata et al, Assessing E. coli levels in surface soils of informal settlements using boot sock and standard grab methods, Science Advances (2025). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adq9869


Study shows pizza is eaten faster than chopstick-based meals
May 2025, phys.org

via Fujita Health University: Kanako Deguchi et al, The Meal Type Rather than the Meal Sequence Affects the Meal Duration, Number of Chews, and Chewing Tempo, Nutrients (2025). DOI: 10.3390/nu17091576


Physicists determine how to cut onions with fewer tears
May 2025, phsy.org

via Cornell University: Zixuan Wu et al, Droplet Outbursts from Onion Cutting, arXiv (2025). DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2505.06016


Collective behavior study explores whether pigeons track others' eye movements
Jul 2025, phys.org

via University of Konstanz: Mathilde Delacoux et al, Gaze following in pigeons increases with the number of demonstrators, iScience (2025). DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.112857


World's first known butt-drag fossil trace was left by a rock hyrax in South Africa 126,000 years ago
Oct 2025, phys.org

It is called a "butt-drag impression", and it was discovered by "an ardent tracker", like a person who finds escaped fugitives.

via African Centre for Coastal Palaeoscience at Nelson Mandela University: Charles W. Helm et al, The unusual, unique ichnology of the rock hyrax (Procavia capensis) and possible Pleistocene tracks and traces from South Africa, Ichnos (2025). DOI: 10.1080/10420940.2025.2546373

Wednesday, December 3, 2025

Colors Keep Coming


This is where all the colors come from. 

Color-changing sensor offers new way to track motion and stress
Dec 2024, phys.org

Yeah go ahead and read that and get back to me.

It's a mechanochromic strain sensor that changes color in response to mechanical stress, using magnetoplasmonic nanoparticles (MagPlas NPs) which form a uniform layer called an amorphous photonic array producing bright, consistent colors that remain stable when viewed from different angles, and which are transferred onto a flexible, stretchable material called polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) enabling the sensor to change color under mechanical stress.

via Chungnam National University in Korea: Huu-Quang Nguyen et al, Mechanochromic strain sensor by magnetoplasmonic amorphous photonic arrays, Chemical Engineering Journal (2024). DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.155297



Squid are some of nature's best camouflagers. Researchers have a new explanation for why
Mar 2025, phys.org

Chromatophores are pigmented organs that sit all over the squid's skin. They have muscle fibers on the outside that are filled with neurons, allowing the animal to neuromuscularly open and control these pigment sacks based on what's in their environment.

Together with iridophores, which act as a kind of photo filter, adding greens and blues to the chromatophores' reds, yellows and browns, they give squid the ability to change color within hundreds of milliseconds, distributing the color all over their body.

"To have something sense the colors around it and distribute [them] within hundreds of milliseconds is really insane," Deravi says. "It's not something that's easy to do, especially in a living system that's under water."

And then they made an artificial squid skin circuit.

via Northeastern University: Taehwan Kim et al, Cephalopod chromatophores contain photosensitizing nanostructures that may facilitate light sensing and signaling in the skin, Journal of Materials Chemistry C (2025). DOI: 10.1039/D4TC04333B


The first genetic editing in spiders with CRISPR‐Cas yields colorful silk
May 2025, phys.org

They developed an injection solution that included the components of the gene-editing system as well as a gene sequence for a red fluorescent protein. This solution was injected into the eggs of unfertilized female spiders, which were then mated with males of the same species. As a result, the offspring of the gene-edited spiders showed red fluorescence in their dragline silk — clear evidence of the successful knock-in of the gene sequence into a silk protein.

via University of Bayreuth's Biomaterials research group: Edgardo Santiago‐Rivera et al, Spider Eye Development Editing and Silk Fiber Engineering Using CRISPR‐Cas, Angewandte Chemie International Edition (2025). DOI: 10.1002/anie.202502068

Fire retardant dropped on California after wildfires 2 - via Getty - Jan 2025

Long-used red pigment carmine has a surprisingly complex porous structure
Jun 2025, phys.org

Every artist knows about carmine red, or at least they know it comes from an insect and not a chemistry lab, and they know it's hard to get and it's expensive. In case you're not an artist - Carmine is a natural red coloring agent produced from an extract of the cochineal insect, rich in carminic acid, and which is combined with aluminum (Al) and calcium (Ca) to produce carmine. 

Now they're using better microscopy, and find that it's actually a metal complex built from two calcium ions, two aluminum ions, and four organic ligand molecules of carminic acid. It makes a porous metal structure (that sounds to me like the MOFs you keep hearing about).

via Stockholm University: Erik Svensson Grape et al, Brilliantly Red: The Structure of Carmine, Crystal Growth & Design (2025). DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00185


Pigment researchers create vivid yellows, oranges, reds that are durable, non-toxic
Jul 2025, phys.org

Brought to you by Mas Subramanian, who made color history in 2009 with the discovery of a vivid blue pigment now known commercially as YInMn Blue.

The work centers around the crystal structure of a rare mineral found in Norway called thortveitite, a silicate containing scandium and yttrium. Thortveitite isn't known for vibrant colors, but by introducing the abundant elements nickel, zinc and vanadium into a thortveitite-like crystal lattice, scientists have produced a collection of intense yellow, orange and reddish pigments.

Chromophores - the parts of a molecule that determine color by reflecting some wavelengths of light while absorbing others.

"Although divalent nickel is known to produce yellow and green colors in inorganic compounds, it rarely produces oranges and/or reds. The discovered pigments are stable under high temperatures and in acidic environments with no change in the structure or color properties, and they can be made in air at relatively low temperatures, around 750°C, which makes large-scale production feasible."

via Oregon State University: Yi-Chia Lin et al, Intense Yellow/Orange/Red Pigments Based on a Thortveitite-like Structure without Toxic Elements: Zn2-xNixV2O7, Chemistry of Materials (2025). DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5c00324


True blue: Researchers create better blue food dye from algae
Aug 2025, phys.org

Phyco Blue (?) - natural blue food dye made of an algae protein called Phycocyanin

via Cornell University: Qike Li et al, Elucidating structure-functionality relationships of phycocyanin through size-exclusion chromatography coupled with in-line small-angle X-ray scattering, Food Hydrocolloids (2025). DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2025.111798

Tuesday, December 2, 2025

Clash of the Titans Continues


More additions to the collection; this is what happens when all the companies in the world get so good at what they do that they stop exploiting their customers and start eating each other. In the end, there can be only one. 

Mondelez sues Aldi alleging it copies packaging to confuse customers
May 2025, AP News

Newsmax sues Fox News for allegedly abusing monopoly power
Sep 2025, CNBC News

Amazon Sues to Stop Perplexity Using AI Tool to Buy Stuff
Nov 2025, Bloomberg [paywall]

This story is nowhere near as interesting as this piece of history:

Robot with $100 bitcoin buys drugs, gets arrested
Apr 2015, CNBC

Monday, December 1, 2025

Headlines From the Future


Six months worth of science headlines that are so good you don't even need the article. 

Lab-grown teeth might become an alternative to fillings
Apr 2025, phys.org

via King's College London: Xuechen Zhang et al, Generating Tooth Organoids Using Defined Bioorthogonally Cross-Linked Hydrogels, ACS Macro Letters (2024). DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00520


Engineers turn toxic ancient tomb fungus into anti-cancer drug
Jun 2025, phys.org

via University of Pennsylvania: A class of benzofuranoindoline-bearing heptacyclic fungal RiPPs with anticancer activities, Nature Chemical Biology (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41589-025-01946-9

Edible microlasers made from food-safe materials can serve as barcodes and biosensors
Jul 2025, phys.org

Yo what the f*** are you talking about
Researchers have encoded an expiration date into a peach compote using microlaser barcodes embedded inside the food.

Still not getting it
It's composed of droplets of oil or water–glycerol mixtures doped with natural optical gain substances, such as chlorophyll or riboflavin, to create microlasers for optical barcodes or sensors.

via Jožef Stefan Institute in Ljubljana Slovenia: Abdur Rehman Anwar et al, Microlasers Made Entirely from Edible Substances, Advanced Optical Materials (2025). DOI: 10.1002/adom.202500497

Muscle-inspired sheet-like robot navigates the tightest spaces
Aug 2025, phys.org

via Pohang University of Science and Technology: Hyung Gon Shin et al, Soft and flexible robot skin actuator using multilayer 3D pneumatic network, Nature Communications (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-60496-9

'Ghost sharks' grow forehead teeth to help them have sex, study suggests
Sep 2025, phys.org

via University of Florida: Karly E. Cohen et al, Teeth outside the jaw: Evolution and development of the toothed head clasper in chimaeras, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2025). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2508054122

'Wetware': Scientists use human mini-brains to power computers
Oct 2025, phys.org

via Swiss start-up FinalSpark: https://finalspark.com/

Bioelectronic-integrated artificial colon eliminates need for animal testing
Oct 2025, phys.org

via University of California Irvine: Jorge Alfonso Tavares‐Negrete et al, Development of a 3D Human Colon Model Along with Bioelectronics for the Induction and Monitoring of Diseases, Advanced Science (2025). DOI: 10.1002/advs.202506377

Post Script - Sometimes science is a foreign language:
Quantum state lifetimes extended by laser-triggered electron tunneling in cuprate ladders
Jun 2025, phys.org

via Emory University and the Paul Scherrer Institute: Hari Padma et al, Symmetry-protected electronic metastability in an optically driven cuprate ladder, Nature Materials (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41563-025-02254-2