Friday, May 2, 2025

What Does It Mean To Be a Thing


For every thing, there is a fake. And for everything else, we just change the definition of what it means to be artificial until the fake thing is no longer considered fake:

Preventing counterfeiting by adding dye to liquid crystals to create uncrackable coded tags
Aug 2024, phys.org

They're creating anti-counterfeiting labels for high-value goods by mixing fluorescent dyes with cholesteric liquid crystals, which causes their helical structure to twist either left or right, thereby determining how the crystals reflect light, and producing a specific "light signature." Precise control over the twisting and the resulting light patterns makes these labels almost impossible to counterfeit.

via Nagoya University: Jialei He et al, Circularly Polarized Luminescence Chirality Inversion and Dual Anticounterfeiting Labels Based on Fluorescent Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Particles, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2024). DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08331

Image credit: It's actually real - Golden bug eggs on a sage leaf - Jochen Stern Nikon Small World - 2024 [link]


'World first' ruby grown in jewellery setting in lab
Sep 2024, BBC News

A tiny fragment of real ruby is grown in a furnace, and take just days and only "five hours of energy" to be developed.

"These lab-grown gemstones are not artificial. They mimic what grows over thousands of years in the earth, so they are a more affordable alternative to mined stones."

Sure they're not. What does artificial mean again? (artifice = making, crafting, skilled work)


Fighting honey fraud with AI technology
Apr 2025, phys.org

Until now, authenticating honey has been done through pollen analysis, a technique that fails after honey is processed or filtered. The new approach uses high-resolution mass spectrometry to scan honey at a molecular levelto create a unique chemical "fingerprint." Machine learning algorithms then read the fingerprint to verify the honey's origin.

via McGill's Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry: Shawninder Chahal et al, Rapid Convolutional Algorithm for the Discovery of Blueberry Honey Authenticity Markers via Nontargeted LC-MS Analysis, Analytical Chemistry (2024). DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01778


Following Layoffs, Automattic Employees Discover Leak-Catching Watermarks
Apr 2025, 404 Media

Cool (not cool) - "If, for example, a journalist published a screenshot leaked to them that was taken from P2, Automattic could theoretically identify the employee who shared it." ...Curious as to why can't we do this w AI and authorship?

 

Thursday, May 1, 2025

When the Actual Science Just Isn't Enough

 

Scientists genetically engineer wolves with white hair and muscular jaws like the extinct dire wolf
Apr 8 2025, phys.org

Read ^this headline above, read it twice, then read the headlines below, because it's a good way to understand how news media works:

  • Dire wolves are back from extinction. Here's how, Yahoo News
  • The dire wolf, which went extinct 12,500 years ago, revived by biotech company, CBS News
  • Scientists say they have resurrected the dire wolf, CNN News
  • Scientists say they revived dire wolf through biotech company's de-extinction process, ABC News
  • Scientists revive dire wolf species from 'Game of Thrones' in world's first known 'de-extinction', New York Post
  • Does Colossal Biosciences' dire wolf creation justify its $10B+ valuation? TechCrunch
  • Scientists Warn Dire Wolf Could Bring 'Unintended Consequences', Rolling Stone
  • Scientists Revive the Dire Wolf, or Something Close, New York Times

And here's other, more sober, soundbites:

  • Scientists genetically engineer wolves with features like extinct dire wolf, The Hill 
  • Has the Dire Wolf Truly Been Resurrected? We Asked the Experts, Gizmodo
  • Scientists say they 'de-extincted' dire wolves. Experts at La Brea Tar Pits are skeptical, LA Times
  • Colossal's de-extincted 'dire wolf' isn't a dire wolf and it has not been de-extincted, Live Science
  • (another one from phys, about a week later)


Tuesday, April 29, 2025

Speaking of Body Language


This one hits hard. "Portrait of Depressed Workers at a Factory in France". Like how does a robot know that "head down" means depression. Or "arms crossed"?  Or hunching over so the head sinks below the line of the shoulders? Lots of people standing around in an industrial-looking setting with their hands at their sides, staring at the ground. Hands in pockets! One guy holding a broom, but his body positioned in a way that says I'm standing still, as opposed to I'm actively sweeping. As in, I hate my job so much I can barely move. Starting straight ahead, not at the floor he's sweeping, expressionless. Why France?? So many questions.



Monday, April 28, 2025

The Sociothermodynamic Superhighway


Urban highways cut opportunities for social relationships, says study
Mar 2025, phys.org

Highways were intended to shorten the commute to work and make traveling within the city easier.

"But this comes at a price, especially over short distances. If someone wants to cross a multi-lane highway, it takes a lot of effort. So highways connect over long distances, but divide over short ones."

via Complexity Science Hub Vienna: Luca Maria Aiello et al, Urban highways are barriers to social ties, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2025). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2408937122



Urban inequality scaling throughout the ages: Ancient and modern cities show predictable elite wealth patterns
Mar 2025, phys.org

Don't forget the Santa Fe Institute mixup on this topic - about ten years ago they thought population density rises in tandem with wealth, according to scaling laws, but a few years ago that thought was revised to show that only the average rises, but if you break it down, there's less people with more money and more people with less money:

The researchers found that the same scaling relationships that appear to shape modern economic activity—in which cities grow richer and more productive as they get larger—may also shape the way wealth is concentrated at the top. In other words, the processes that make cities wealthy may also often make them unequal.

"It seems as if inequality isn't a side-effect of city living under particular cultural or economic conditions; it may be a built-in consequence of urban growth itself."

Scientists analyzed evidence from both ancient Roman and modern cities to see how wealth scales with city size. The data for Roman cities included numbers of monuments and counts of inscriptions dedicating monuments to elite patrons. Data for modern cities included counts of very tall buildings, as well as counts of billionaires per city. They then applied statistical scaling methods to test for mathematical relationships between city size and indicators of elite wealth.

via Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology: Parallel scaling of elite wealth in ancient Roman and modern cities with implications for understanding urban inequality, Nature Cities (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s44284-025-00213-1

Friday, April 25, 2025

Socially Transmitted Disease


How does the mind virus really work? 

As they say, actions speak louder than words. And once you've been infected with the slippery words of a misinformationist, it doesn't really mean anything until you act in accordance with those words. The problem is that it's usually not something you do knowingly. It's insidious, because it first becomes a belief, and beliefs are not something we think about too much, in fact, much of our beliefs are unknown to us. You can ask someone about their beliefs, and get a bunch of answers, and then watch that person over time, watching what they do, watching their actions, not their thoughts and not the words they use, but their actions, and in the end you will get a different picture of who that person is and what they believe in. 

A really sneaky way this is done is in the field of racial bias, where you give people a screensplash of both profile pictures and positive-negative words like good-bad or happy-sad, and ask them to sort the words into positive-negative categories but while looking at supposedly unrelated face images.  The trick isn't about getting them to accidentally say that [blank] people are scary or whatever, it's to measure in microseconds the delay in categorizing a "good" word while looking at a "bad" face. (Probably easiest to call it a "response-time metric", maybe even a response-time differential.) Using this trick to support something about race-based policies and laws has become too political to be useful for those purposes, and somebody probably doesn't like associating these response-time differences with the actual beliefs of a person, but the revelation that we are likely unaware of many of our beliefs is hard to resist.

All this to say the nexus point that connects our ideas, taken from other people, into behaviors that can then be measured as health outcomes, for example, or socioeconomic status more generally, is for ideas that manifest as behaviors. Because it is through this line that we can connect things like the people you hang out with and the amount of A1C floating in your blood. Recall a TED Talk circa 2013 suggesting obesity is contagious - are we unwittingly infecting our friends with our "obese microbiome"? No, we're infecting them with the idea that bagels and beer for breakfast is great. So, via a memetic framework, is obesity using us to spread itself through the human population via things like beer and couches, or the greater TV Dinner Megaplex? Or are couches and third-party food-delivery services spreading themselves through the population via obesity? (Because the heavier you get, the harder it is to get out the door, thus the more likely you are to have your food delivered)? 

This idea becomes a lot harder to parse when you consider that infectious disease, by its nature, is spread through a social network, which is the same network that spreads memetic viruses:

Social connections are key to preventing disease, study finds
Feb 2025, phys.org

Other people's ideas prompt behaviors that can have serious health outcomes, and so it almost looks like a social network transmits the disease itself, but it's just the behaviors, the culture, the extended phenotype of you will...

Their study—which focused on malaria prevention in ten villages in India—looked at how different factors influence people's use of preventative measures like bed nets, insect repellent and protective clothing. It involved detailed interviews with over 1,500 adults, gathering information about their health practices and social networks, and found that exposure to preventative behaviors within someone's social network is the main factor influencing whether they adopt those same behaviors—in other words, if your friends and family use insect repellents, you are much more likely to use them yourself. 

Funny because so much infectious disease is spread by the social network. (This study looks at malaria.)

via University of Manchester, University of Birmingham, NYU and the Indian Institute of Public Health: András Vörös et al, A multilevel social network approach to studying multiple disease-prevention behaviors, Scientific Reports (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-85240-7

Mostly completely unrelated image credit: AI Art - Dad Energy - 2024 - but the world needs to know -  how did Mark Zuckerburg get in there bottom right??


US health department condemns private equity firms for role in declining healthcare access
Feb 2025, The Guardian

Just virus-like things in general: 

“[Private equity investors] don’t announce that they’ve acquired something. They often keep the old name of the firm. They’re like a brain virus or a cancer inside the body of this new firm. It doesn’t announce itself until it gets very late,” said Martin Kenney, senior project director at the Berkeley Roundtable on the International Economy and author of Private Equity and the Demise of the Local.

Activity Update on the Mind Control Machine:
Propaganda outlet leverages AI to amplify content without any loss in persuasive power
Apr 2025, phys.org

Morgan Wack and colleagues found that prior to September 20, 2023, much of the content on the site was simply lifted from other right-leaning outlets. After that date, however, the stories were generally rewritten by AI, allowing the site to use a broader range of sources but with the tone and emphasis tweaked to better suit likely aims of the propagandists.

DCWeekly.org is a Russian propaganda outlet and part of a broader network disseminating pro-Kremlin and anti-Ukrainian narratives. Authors examined 22,889 articles on the site before and after the September 2023 shift. AI allowed the propagandists behind the site to more than double their rate of publication and increase in the breadth of topics covered.

Authors also conducted a survey of 880 American adults and found that the content maintained the same level of persuasiveness.

via BBC and Clemson University's Media Forensics Hub: Morgan Wack et al, Generative propaganda: Evidence of AI's impact from a state-backed disinformation campaign, PNAS Nexus (2025). DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf083

Thursday, April 24, 2025

Loss of Control and Somatic Compensation


No evidence for 'wind turbine syndrome' claims: Windmill noise is no more stressful than traffic sounds, study suggests
Mar 2025, phys.org

A lot of nerve here on my part as I'm not a scientist - but this isn't done right. It's the social factor of how you can't control the wind turbine combined with the sound, not the sound alone - and the same thing happens with smells, especially with smells, all the time. (See Mass Psychogenic Illness). And I'm a bit surprised because this is in a humanities journal, so you would have thought they were aware of these phenomena.

via Adam Mickiewicz University in Poland: Agnieszka Rosciszewska et al, Cognitive neuroscience approach to explore the impact of wind turbine noise on various mental functions, Humanities and Social Sciences Communications (2025). DOI: 10.1057/s41599-025-04645-x


Tuesday, April 22, 2025

Neurodegenerative Mimesis


For a fine specimen of Deep-Dream-era hallucinations, look no further than the image placed above. This is an image generated from Stability 1.5 and retrieved on the Lexica library. Prompting something about "investment research".

It's a great example of the kinds of things that can go wrong, and the subtle ways a sophisticated technology can betray its true self (self). 

We see a commensurate attempt to portray a formal document, slightly yellow, maybe manilla, looks more official that way, and it's got tiny black characters printed on it, arranged in tables and grids and columns. Can't tell if they're numbers or letters or even which alphabet. But it does look official. Something is highlighted in red. A pair of thin-rimmed glasses rests on the page, next to a red fountain pen.

But look any further and things get weird as hell. And if you were looking for an image imitating "investment research", you may want to stop here, because you probably have what you want; the passing glance will see all this exactly as it was intended (intended). 

The obsessed do not stop there, however. A few more minutes of inspection takes us deep into the  world of megadata hallucinations. The yellowed paper appears at first to have slight wrinkles, like maybe the visual-artifact of a billion pictures of buried treasure maps, yet the paper has no wrinkles; they're intimated by minor changes in shadows across the surface of the page, and in the wavy orientation of the words, but look carefully and you can see how the shadows and the word-waviness don't match up.

The eyeglasses, thoroughly convincing for about 3 seconds, are completely deformed, like they've been involved in a horrific car accident. In fact, they are so smack in the middle of 'thoroughly convincing' and 'completely deformed' that I think I'm the one hallucinating.

The fountain pen is positioned so it shares a contour with the eyeglasses, and now, as we inspect a bit further, at the edge where the two meet, we can't tell which is which - am I seeing a clip attached to the edge of the pen, or is that the frame of the glasses? (It's both actually.) The shadow cast by the pen is too much red and not enough black, and we think maybe it's because the pen is slightly translucent, but then it can't be, because the highlights on the top are too strong for what should then be a transparent pen. And, is that what I think it is - yes, there's highlights on the shadow. Hold on, now I'm not even sure if this is a pen. 

The part that really gets me is the thing that's been highlighted. I mean, in what world do we first highlight something but then fastidiously outline with fine ink pen the shape of the highlighted mark itself - like that's a distraction from whatever is being highlighted. And the way it's being outlined, a jittery line, half Matisse, half Rheumatoid arthritis. Definitely getting cross-contaminated by buried treasure maps. Where they intersect is the grids in and around the red highlighted area, as they shift from excel spreadsheet to organic, three-dimensional cross-contouring grids, and back again. 

Each one of these pictures contains in it a training set of hundreds of millions of images, all bubbling right underneath the surface, and if you look just a few seconds longer than you're supposed to (supposed to), you can see the dreams of an entire civilization, all at once. 


Post Script:
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) says that you are useless after 14 hours of work - you become so prone to mistakes that you're better off not working at all.

Robots don't get tired, so they can work forever. But something happens when the robots we're talking about are doing not physical work, but a kind of cognitive labor. There's plenty of examples of "model collapse", where a model is fed a steady diet of another model's output, instead of human generated output, which sounds like cannibalism, and we all know that cannibalism is bad. Sometimes they even feed it "synthetic data", which sounds a lot like artificial meat, and which also sounds just as bad as cannibalism, except maybe it's the inverse of that. 

It didn't take long for us to figure out this broken data diet would have negative effects on model output (from Oxford's OATML 2024, also this); it leads to a model that acts like it has dementia. Now I don't know about you, but I've always wanted to know what it's like to have dementia but without actually having dementia, and now here it is.