Saturday, April 20, 2013

Diamonds Everything




Not only does the diamond trade control distribution, perpetuating the illusion of rarity to maintain their high price, and yet not only can we grow diamonds in a lab that are identical and superior to natural, geogenic diamonds; but humans themselves can actually become diamonds. Humans themselves can actually become diamonds. 

The "memorial diamond" refers to the use of a deceased person's body to create the carbon base for diamond formation, but there is nothing that says you can't do it while you're still alive.

Life Everlasting.

Memorial Diamond
Carbon can be obtained from cremated human or animal remains in a particulate or gaseous form. The carbon is then filtered using a conventional filtering technique. The carbon and other elements are then purified and graphitized, for example by a halogen purification technique.
[source] Method for making synthetic gems comprising elements recovered from complete or partial human or animal remains and the product thereof

Diamonds are Forever, and Ever, and Ever

POST SCRIPT
On Art and Human Self-Domestication
"One of the best ways for the boy to prove he has resources is to give the girl something that is both expensive and useless."
-The Art Instinct, Denis Dutton, 2009, p154

Our regard for something beautiful "is commonly, in great measure a gratification of our sense of costliness masquerading as beauty".
-Thorstein Beblin, Economist (found on p156 of Dutton 2009)

POST POST SCRIPT
Earth's gold came from colliding dead stars
phys.org - Jul 17, 2013

"We estimate that the amount of gold produced and ejected during the merger of the two neutron stars may be as large as 10 moon masses - quite a lot of bling!" says lead author Edo Berger of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA).

The team calculates that about one-hundredth of a solar mass of material was ejected by the gamma-ray burst, some of which was gold. By combining the estimated gold produced by a single short GRB with the number of such explosions that have occurred over the age of the universe, all the gold in the cosmos might have come from gamma-ray bursts.
Provided by Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics


Diamonds in the sky: Scientists find Jupiter and Saturn are awash in diamonds
Oct 09, 2013, phys.org

Recent work by planetary scientists has indicated that the deep atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn may contain chunks of diamond floating in a liquid hydrogen/helium fluid.

Crystal is 'oldest scrap of Earth crust'
24 February 2014
A tiny 4.4-billion-year-old crystal has been confirmed as the oldest fragment of Earth's crust.

'Diamane': Diamond film possible without the pressure
Feb 3, 2014

Perfect sheets of diamond a few atoms thick appear to be possible even without the big squeeze that makes natural gems.

Researchers at Rice University and in Russia have calculated a "phase diagram" for the creation of diamane. The diagram is a road map. It lays out the conditions – temperature, pressure and other factors – that would be necessary to turn stacked sheets of graphene into a flawless diamond lattice.

In the process, the researchers determined diamane could be made completely chemically, with no pressure at all, under some circumstances.

More information: Read the abstract
Provided by Rice University

Turning graphite into diamond
Mar 28, 2014

Hydrogenated Graphene = Diamonds
A research team led by SLAC scientists has uncovered a potential new route to produce thin diamond films for a variety of industrial applications, from cutting tools to electronic devices to electrochemical sensors.
The scientists added a few layers of graphene – one-atom thick sheets of graphite – to a metal support and exposed the topmost layer to hydrogen. To their surprise, the reaction at the surface set off a domino effect that altered the structure of all the graphene layers from graphite-like to diamond-like.

"hydrogenation of graphene could be a new route to synthesize ultrathin diamond-like films without applying pressure" -Kaya

The discovery was unexpected. The original goal of the experiment was to see if adding hydrogen could alter graphene's properties in a way that would make it useable in transistors, the fundamental building block of electronic devices. Instead, the scientists discovered that hydrogen binding resulted in the formation of chemical bonds between graphene and the platinum substrate.

More information: Srivats Rajasekaran, Frank Abild-Pedersen, Hirohito Ogasawara, Anders Nilsson, and Sarp Kaya. "Interlayer Carbon Bond Formation Induced by Hydrogen Adsorption in Few-Layer Supported Graphene" Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 085503 – Published 20 August 2013
Provided by SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

Diamonds are a quantum computer's best friend
phys.org, August 2014

...nitrogen atoms which can occupy two different spin states are injected into a small diamond. Every nitrogen defect is trapped in an optical resonator made of two mirrors. Via glass fibres, photons are coupled to the quantum system consisting of the resonator, the diamond and the nitrogen atom. This way, it is possible to read and manipulate the state of the quantum system without destroying the quantum properties of the spins in the diamond.

[but later the article mentions the need for error correction codes, which requires billions of these diamonds - if I understand correctly.]

Scientists use 'smallest possible diamonds' to form ultra-thin nanothreads
phys.org, Dec 2014

["Super Diamonds"] 'Direct writing' of diamond patterns from graphite a potential technological leap
phys.org, Nov 2014

What began as research into a method to strengthen metals has led to the discovery of a new technique that uses a pulsing laser to create synthetic nanodiamond films and patterns from graphite, with potential applications from biosensors to computer chips.
"The biggest advantage is that you can selectively deposit nanodiamond on rigid surfaces without the high temperatures and pressures normally needed to produce synthetic diamond," said Gary Cheng, an associate professor of industrial engineering at Purdue University.

The technique works by using a multilayered film that includes a layer of graphite topped with a glass cover sheet. Exposing this layered structure to an ultrafast-pulsing laser instantly converts the graphite to an ionized plasma and creates a downward pressure. Then the graphite plasma quickly solidifies into diamond. The glass sheet confines the plasma to keep it from escaping, allowing it to form a nanodiamond coating.

"These are super-small diamonds and the coating is super-strong, so it could be used for high-temperature sensors," Cheng said.

Direct Laser Writing of Nanodiamond Films from Graphite under Ambient Conditions, Qiong Nian, Yuefeng Wang, Yingling Yang, Ji Li, Martin Y. Zhang, Jiayi Shao, Liang Tang & Gary J. Cheng, Scientific Reports, 2014. 

Inside Beijing's airpocalypse – a city made 'almost uninhabitable' by pollution
Oliver Wainwright, The Guardian, Dec 2014

His proposal, developed in partnership with scientists at the Technological University of Delft in the Netherlands, uses buried coils of copper to create an electrostatic field that attracts smog particles, creating a kind of halo of clean air above it. “It’s similar to how static electricity attracts your hair,” Roosegaarde says. “We charge the smog particles and suck them to the ground.”

He has also developed a mobile version which uses the same technology, but housed in a vertical totem-pole structure that sits atop a small temple-like pavilion, akin to those found in Beijing’s parks. It’s here where the real alchemy will happen. “We’re going to turn dust into diamonds,” Roosegaarde says. “We will condense a 1,000 cubic metres of smog down into a millimetre-cube carbon crystal – which we will set like a diamond on a ring.” When you buy a smog ring, he says, you’re effectively donating 1,000 cubic metres of clean air to the city.


“I like the idea that you can take a problem and turn it into something desirable,” Roosegaarde adds. “Of course it’s not a practical solution, but I’m hoping that smog jewellery will get people talking about the problem – and when they see these clear circles of blue sky above the parks, they’ll demand clean air for the whole city.”

Q-carbon is harder, brighter than diamonds
CNN, Dec 2015
Scientists have created a new form of solid carbon that probably otherwise does not exist on Earth.

Kay Jewelers accused of swapping diamonds with fakes
wreg, May 2016

[and sometimes you’re like what the fuck did i just read]
(Using DNA) Scientists guide gold nanoparticles to form 'diamond' superlattices
Feb 2016, phys.org

Meteorite diamonds 'came from lost planet'
Apr 2018, BBC

De Beers to sell synthetic diamonds—here's how they're made
Jun 2018, phys.org

Implanting diamonds with flaws offers key technology for quantum communications
July 2018, phys.org

In a first, scientists precisely measure how synthetic diamonds grow
Aug 2018, phys.org

Surprising hidden order unites prime numbers and crystal-like materialsSep 2018, phys.org



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